Transcript George Washington - Northwest ISD Moodle

Write 3 sentences about this
cartoon
George Washington
George Washington
 First President from
1789-1797
 Helped America gain
independence by leading
the Continental Army
 Unified the states under
the new government
 No formal education
 Did not seek the office of
president
Issues Faced by Washington
 Need to establish precedents for a new system of
government
 Need to place the nation’s finances on sound footing
 Need to create a federal court system
Precedents
 “Mr. President”
 Setting up a cabinet
 Posing for a portrait
 Serving only 2 terms
 Farewell address
Washington’s Cabinet
 Secretary of State:
Thomas Jefferson
 Secretary of War: Henry
Knox
 Secretary of Treasury:
Alexander Hamilton
Judiciary Act of 1789
 Set up the Supreme Court
 Set up federal and 13 district courts
 Established the office of Attorney General
 John Jay names first Supreme Court Justice
 “And be it further enacted that the United States shall be
and they are hereby divided, into thirteen districts…And
be it further enacted, that there be a court called a
District Court in each of the afore mentioned districts, to
consist of one judge…And be it further enacted, that the
before mentioned districts, except those of Maine and
Kentucky, shall be divided into three circuits…and that
there shall be held annually in each district of said
circuits, two courts, which shall be called Circuit Court,
and shall consist of any two justices of the Supreme
Court, and the district court of such districts…”
Domestic Issues
 Domestic: Home
 Foreign: Other countries
 Most pressing issue: money
 States owed debts to soldiers
 Continental Congress owed money to bondholders
 American manufacturers wanted tariffs
 Need for stable currency
 Alexander Hamilton’s Financial Plan:
 Raise money through taxes
 Create a national bank
 Promote protective tariffs
The Whiskey Rebellion
 Congress passed a excise tax, or a tax on luxury goods
 Farmers west of the Appalachian Mountains protested
this tax
 In order to sell their wheat and corn they distilled it into
whiskey
 Many farmers refused to pay the tax and the “Whiskey
Boys” tarred an feathered tax collectors
Washington’s Dilemma
 Washington and Hamilton saw this rebellion as a threat
to the authority of the national government
 Washington sent 13,000 state militia to stop the
rebellion
 Farmers were pardoned by Washington once they
pledged loyalty to the federal government
 How does this compare to Shays’ Rebellion???
Formation of Political Parties
Federalists
DemocraticRepublicans
 Strong national
government rule
 Limited national
government; states rights
 Loose construction
(interpretation) of the
Constitution
 Strict construction
(interpretation) of the
Constitution
 Favored national bank
 Opposed national bank
 Economy based on
manufacturing
 Economy based on
farming
 Founded by: Alexander
Hamilton-co-author of the
Federalist Papers
 Founded by: Thomas
Jefferson and James
Madison
Foreign Policy
 War between France and Britain broke out in
1793…which puts the United States in a pickle!
 Britain: trade
 France: ally
 Washington declared the U.S. neutral
Jay’s Treaty
 Britain made it hard for the U.S. to remain neutral-the
British had began seizing the cargoes of American ships
carrying goods from the West Indies
 Chief Justice John Jay was sent to make peace with
Britain
 In Jay’s Treaty the British agreed to pay for damages to
U.S. vessels they had seized
 They also agreed to leave the Ohio Valley that the U.S.
wanted to occupy
Pinckney’s Treaty
 Another foreign Thomas Pinckney also helped reduced
tensions along the frontier
 Pinckney's 1795 treaty with Spain gave Americans the
right to store goods at the Port of New Orleans without
paying customs duties
 Spain also accepted the 31st parallel as the northern
boundary of Florida and the southern boundary of the
U.S.
 “Our policy in regard to Europe is not to interfere in the
internal concerns of any of its powers; to cultivate
friendly relations with it, and to preserve the just claims
of every power; submitting to injuries from none. But
this continent’s circumstances are different. It is
impossible that the European powers should extend their
political system to any portion of this continent without
endangering our peace and happiness; …it is impossible
that we should behold such involvement with
indifference.”
Farewell Address
 Warned against political parties
 Remain neutral
 Keep taxes reasonable