Transcript CH 6 Federalist and Republicans

CH 6
Federalist and
Democratic-Republicans
Pg 210
Land Acquisitions of the U.S.
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Things you must label,
 Natural
color, and date the year of… boundaries to label
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Original 13 colonies
Land after the revolutionary war
Louisiana Purchase
Florida purchase from Spain
Texas Annexation
Mexican Secession
Red River Basin (Web/Ashburton Treaty)
Oregon Country
Hawaii Annexation
Gadsden Purchase
Alaska Purchase
Ohio River
-Mississippi River
- Appalachian
Mountains
- Rocky Mountains
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-Use
the map at the
front of class and on
Pgs RA.. of your book
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April 6, 1789, George
Washington was
unanimously elected
the first President of the
United States of
America
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To which he referred… “This is the event I
have long dreaded”
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and his feelings were… “Not unlike those of
a culprit who is going to the place of his
execution”
Section 1 Washington and Congress
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In 1789 Congress created four departments
essentially creating the first presidential
cabinet
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State
Treasury
War
Office of Attorney General
The Great Battle Begins
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Thomas Jefferson Secretary of the State –
wanted a weak gov. the
pushed for agriculture
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Alexander Hamilton head of the Treasury
Department – wanted a
strong industrialized state
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General Henry Knox
- Secretary of War
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Edmund Randolph Attorney General
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The Judiciary Act of 1789 created the
Supreme Court
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John Jay became the first
chief justice of the supreme
court, 1789-1795
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In 1791 the first 10
amendments, bill of rights,
was added to the constitution
Financing the Government
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James Madison and Alexander Hamilton
came up with two different plans to fix the
financial problems that were faced under the
Articles of Confederation
Madison’s Plan to raise money
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felt the government should tax imports to
protect the private business
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Tariff of 1789 –paid 5% on imports
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This angered Southern Farmers because
they would be charged higher rates to ship
rice & tobacco & higher prices on imported
goods!
Hamilton’s Plan to raise money
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wanted the federal government to assume state debts
from the revolution
Wanted Federal government assume all Cont.
Congress’ debt at full value including BONDS
Supported Madison’s Tariff of 1789 (raise $)
wanted to sell government bonds for borrowing money
This also didn’t help Southerners especially angered
those in Virginia (sold their bonds for cheap already)
Hamilton’s Thoughts on DEBT
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“A national debt, if not excessive, will be to
us a national blessing; it will be a powerful
cement of our new union. It will also create
a necessity for keeping up taxation…which
without being oppressive, will be a spur to
industry.”
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-Alexander Hamilton
Madison & Jefferson Opposed
Hamilton’s Plan! Compromise:
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As a compromise to
Southerners, the new
capitol would be
placed in the South
called the District of
Columbia
The original capital
was in ?
National Bank
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Hamilton also asked for a National Bank
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To organize the Nation’s deposits & money
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Taxes and Tariff Revenue
To give loans to the government and individuals
To issue paper money
Encourage trade
Stimulate economic growth
Raise money by selling
Stock in the Bank!
Southerner’s Opposed!
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Northern Merchants would own most stock
Jefferson & Madison felt the bank was not within
the Congress’ enumerated powers – specifically
listed in the constitution (Strict Constructionist)
Hamilton argued it was an implied power – from
article 1 sec 8 clause 18 (Elastic or Necessary
and Proper Clause) (Loose Constructionist)
Loose vs. Strict Constructionists
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This began the argument about the interpretation
of the Constitution between
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Loose Construction – “implied meaning” interpretation
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Strict Construction – “word for word” interpretation
1791 Bank of the United States
AKA: The BUS
Washington signed
the bill and the BUS
was created for a 20
year period of time.
Whiskey Rebellion
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Whiskey Tax in Penn. In 1791
Western farmers rebelled
“Revolutions spawn Revolutions”
Hamilton demanded a show of force
Washington sent 15,000 troops to stop it and
send a message that the rebellions were
over.
Jefferson concerned: “Using an anvil to
squash a gnat”
Rise of Political Parties
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Factions: groups within a unit that disagree
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The disagreement over the financial program
had caused the split in Congress and would
lead to develop the 1st system of political
parties in the United States.
Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans
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2 Political Parties
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Federalists: Leader: Alexander Hamilton
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Strong national government
Democracy is dangerous
“the people are turbulent and changing and
seldom determine right” -Hamiliton
Government in the hands of the rich, well-born,
and able. “Elitist”
The American economy would be based on
industry and trade
Artisans, merchants, manufacturers, & bankers
2 Political Parties…cont.
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Democratic Republicans:
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Leader: Thomas Jefferson & James Madison
Weaker central government/power to States
Nation of independent farmers (Agrarian Society)
Landowners should control the government
Federalists policies favored the North only
Supporters: Rural South and West (farmers)
Hamiltonians vs. Jeffersonians
 Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans
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Nat. government supreme/State government supreme
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Ruling power: Wealth, educated / All landowners
Gov. should: Promote Manufacturing/Agriculture
Loose Constructionists/Strict Constructionists
Protective Tariffs: Aid Industry/Hurt Farmers
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Section 2 Partisan Politics
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The French Revolution began shortly after
Washington took office in 1789
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Federalist opposed it for its violence and
loyalty to the French monarchy
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Dem-Rep supported it because of its fight for
liberty
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Washington stayed neutral
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1793 France declared war on Britain.
Washington said the U.S. would stay neutral
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Britain started seizing American ships to stop
trade with France and so John Jay was sent
to find a solution
Jay’s Treaty
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Gave Britain the right to
seize American cargo
headed for France
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Britain gave the U.S.
most-favored nation
status, meaning
American merchants
would be safe if they
traded with Britain.
Pinckney’s Treaty
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Thomas Pinckney
negotiated a treaty
with Spain in 1795
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It gave the U.S.
rights to navigate
the Mississippi River
and to deposit
goods at the port of
New Orleans.
Westward Expansion
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In 1792 Kentucky became the 15th state
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Four years later Tennessee became the 16th
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expanding west from
Pennsylvania and farther
north was limited by
problems with Native
Americans
Washington Leaves Office
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Washington left office after 2 terms and being
irritated by party politics and attacks on his
character
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In his farewell address he warned against
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Sectionalism- dividing the country in regions
Political parties
Being too attached with any foreign nation
Election of 1796
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1796 was the country’s first openly contested
election
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Federalist – John Adams VS Dem-Rep –
Thomas Jefferson
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John Adams won the election 71 to 68
1796 Election Results
(16 states in the Union)
John Adams
Massachusetts
Federalist
71
51.4%
Thomas Jefferson
Virginia
DemocraticRepublican
68
49.3%
Thomas Pinckney
South Carolina
Federalist
59
42.8%
Aaron Burr
New York
DemocraticRepublican
30
21.7%
Samuel Adams
Massachusetts
Federalist
15
10.9%
Oliver Ellsworth
Connecticut
Federalist
11
8.0%
George Clinton
New York
DemocraticRepublican
7
5.1%
Other
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15
10.9%
Total Number of Electors
138
Total Electoral Votes Cast
276
Number of Votes for a
Majority
70
1796 Election Results
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Adams
Jefferson
Quasi-War with France
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The French were angry with Jay’s Treaty and
seized American ships going to Great Britain
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Adams sent negotiators
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French demanded bribes in what became
known as the XYZ affair
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Congress suspended trade with France and
told the navy to capture French ships
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Negotiations were reopened with the
Convention of 1800 and the Quasi-War
ended
War between the Parties
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Criticism against Adams began
to grow and he overreacted to
the problem
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Federalist pushed 4 laws
through Congress known as
the Alien and Sedition Acts
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The first 3 said aliens in the country could not
be citizens for 14 years, most of whom voted
most often for the Republicans
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The last prevented sedition, or incitement to
rebellion and speaking out against
government
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The Republican legislatures of Kentucky and
Virginia passed resolutions criticizing the
Alien and Sedition Acts
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Written secretly by Jefferson and Madison
they said states created the Constitution and
so had the power to say if a law was
unconstitutional
Interposition
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Virginia’s resolution said that states could
interpose between the federal government
and people and stop illegal action against the
people
Nullification
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Kentucky’s resolution said that if the federal
government passed an unconstitutional law
the states had a right to nullify the law or
declare it invalid
Election of 1800
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Showed a flaw in the system
Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr each got
the same number of electoral votes
Goes to House of Reps to break tie…
1800 Election Results
(16 states in the Union)
Thomas Jefferson
Virginia
DemocraticRepublican
73
52.9%
Aaron Burr
New York
DemocraticRepublican
73
52.9%
John Adams
Massachusetts
Federalist
65
47.1%
Charles Pinckney
South Carolina
Federalist
64
46.4%
John Jay
New York
Federalist
1
0.7%
Total Number of Electors
138
Total Electoral Votes Cast
276
Number of Votes for a
Majority
70
1800 Election Results
Burr
Jefferson
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According to the constitution the House of
Representatives (which is mostly federalist)
votes for president in the case of a tie
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With Hamilton’s help the
house tied and no one knew
what to do.
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Jefferson promised not to
dismantle Hamilton’s
financial system and later
won the vote
1800 Election Results
(Into the House of Representatives!!)
 1 vote for each State 
Thomas Jefferson
Virginia
Democratic-Republican
10
62.5%
Aaron Burr
New York
Democratic-Republican
4
25.0%
Blank
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2
12.5%
Sec 3 Jefferson in Office
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Jefferson referred to the election of 1800 as
a “second revolution”
The “Revolution of 1800”
Jefferson tried to integrate Republican ideas
into Hamilton’s policies
He paid off the federal debt, cut government
spending, and ended the whiskey tax
Rise of Supreme Court
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Judiciary Act of 1801 created 16 new
federal judges
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Adams appointed these judges just before he
left office and it became a huge scandal
known as the “Midnight Judges”
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Jefferson didn’t like the Federalist controlled
courts and repealed the act
Marbury was furious! Wanted to be a federal
judge…huge Federalist.
Marbury v. Madison
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Justice Marbury sued Secretary of State
James Madison for trying to block his
appointment
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John Adams, just after taking office, had
chosen John Marshall (Federalist!)to follow
John Jay as Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court
Marbury v. Madison
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Marshall served for 34 years and he was the
justice who heard the case and ruled in favor
of?
His ruling established Judicial Review – the
power to decide if laws (Judiciary Act of
1801) passed by Congress were
constitutional
Marshall will shape the Supreme Ct. and add
power to the Judicial Branch
Expanding West:
LA Purchase 1803
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In 1800 Napoleon convinced Spain to give
Louisiana back to France in exchange for
helping take control of part of Italy
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By 1803 Napoleon was trying to conquer
Europe
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Short on funds, Napoleon sold the Louisiana
Territory as well as New Orleans to the U.S.
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The U.S. purchased Louisiana for $15 million
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doubled the size of the United States
Helped Jefferson with an “agrarian society”
Also was considered very defensive foreign
policy due to the fact it removed a European
power from our border.
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Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were
sent to survey the new land, they were aided
along the way by Sacagawea
Essex Junto
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convinced VP Aaron Burr to run for governor
of New York in 1804 secretly hoping to
succeed from the union
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Alexander Hamilton called Burr a “dangerous
man”
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Burr challenged him to a duel, shot and killed
him on July 11th 1804
Rising Diplomatic Tensions
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As the war between Great
Britain and France
progressed the treaties
with both began to fail.
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The British attacked the
American war ship the
Chesapeake in 1807and
enraged Americans
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Also the British
began to capture
American sailors
and force them to
fight in the British
navy –
Impressment
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Jefferson asked for the Embargo Act of 1807
– halting all trade with Europe and hoping to
secure our safety (defensive) and stop conflict
with England or France!
However, it hurt the U.S. economy more than
Great Britain's (New England: MAD!)
Essex Junto
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In New England, businessmen felt with the
addition of the Louisiana purchase, the South
and West would gain states that would take
away their advantages in Congress
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So they began to fight for secession
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There were also
many Americans at
the time who
wished to capture
Canada from the
British
Election of 1808
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After Jefferson chose not to run for a 3rd
term, the Republican party nominated
James Madison
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The Federalists nominated Charles
Pinckney
The War Hawks
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A group of Republican
Congressmen from the
South and West
Wanted war against
Britain
Led by Senator John C.
Calhoun of South
Carolina and Henry Clay
of Kentucky
Essay Question
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Jefferson believed his election to U.S.
president to be “a second American
revolution”. Analyze the validity of this
statement within the time period of 17891812.