Transcript The Growth of the Two-Party System

The Growth of the TwoParty System
Federalists vs.
Democratic Republicans
Mr. Bach
Accelerated United States History
Hudson High School
A Unified Country
• George Washington
unanimously elected
President of the
United States
• First Cabinet
– State – Thomas
Jefferson
– Treasury – Alexander
Hamilton
– War – Henry Knox
– Attorney General –
Edmund Randolph
Divisions Develop
Immediately
• Strong centralized
Government
• Government as the
engine of the
economy
• Federal power over
state power
• Limited power in
the central
government
• American people as
the engine of the
economy
• State power over
federal power
Alexander Hamilton
• Background
– Illegitimate son from the
West Indies
– Served as Washington’s
aid during the war
– Favored national
sovereignty and a strong,
active national
government
A Financial Genius
• Report on Public
Credit
• First Bank of the
United States
• Report on
Manufactures
• Excise Taxes
Opposition to Hamilton’s
Plan
• Report on Public Credit
– Who would benefit? Who would lose?
• First Bank of the United States
– Was this a constitutional action?
• Report on Manufactures
– What is the vision for the United
States?
• Excise Taxes
– Are you replacing an old tyranny with a
new one?
Whiskey Rebellion
• Whiskey tax would effect few farmers and
would reduce consumption
• Washington’s victory ensured the
dominance of republican ideals
The Hamilton –
Jefferson divide
develops into
the two-party
system
• Federalists
• Democratic
Republicans
• Wealthy,
commercial
interests
• Strong central
government
• Broad
constructionists
• Cities, New England
• Anglophiles
• Poor to middleclass, agriculture
• Limited central
government
• Strict
constructionists
• Farmlands, South
• Francophiles
1792 Election Results
(16 states in the Union)
George Washington
Virginia
Federalist
132
97.8%
John Adams
Massachusetts
Federalist
77
57.0%
George Clinton
New York
DemocraticRepublican
50
37.0%
Thomas Jefferson
Virginia
DemocraticRepublican
4
3.0%
Aaron Burr
New York
Federalist
1
0.7%
6
4.4%
Electoral Votes Not
Cast
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Total Number of Electors
132
Total Electoral Votes Cast
264
Number of Votes for a
Majority
67
1792 Election Results
Reaction to France
• How to respond to
the excesses of the
French Revolution?
• Citizen Genet
Affair
• Washington’s
Proclamation of
“Neutrality”
Jay Treaty
• British agreed to
withdraw from
Northwest
• Eased restrictions
on American
shipping
• No compensation
for runaway slaves
– Who won? Who
lost?
Washington’s Farewell
Address
• Established the
“tradition” of a twoterm limit
• Warned against
foreign entanglements
in alliances
• Lamented the growth
of the Democratic
Republican faction
1796 Election Results
(16 states in the Union)
John Adams
Massachusetts
Federalist
71
51.4%
Thomas Jefferson
Virginia
Democratic
-Republican
68
49.3%
Thomas Pinckney
South Carolina
Federalist
59
42.8%
Aaron Burr
New York
Democratic
-Republican
30
21.7%
Samuel Adams
Massachusetts
Federalist
15
10.9%
Oliver Ellsworth
Connecticut
Federalist
11
8.0%
George Clinton
New York
Democratic
-Republican
7
5.1%
Other
-
-
15
10.9%
Total Number of Electors
138
Total Electoral Votes Cast
276
Number of Votes for a
Majority
70
1796 Election Results
Adams
Jefferson
XYZ Affair and Quasi-War
• France demands tribute for
negotiations – Adams refuses.
• Adams starts to build the US Navy
• Undeclared war begins between
American and French navies in the
Caribbean
XYZ Affair
Alien and Sedition Acts
and
Virginia and Kentucky
Resolutions
• Is there a “French party in America?”
• Could the states oppose the national
government?
The Revolution
of 1800
1800 Election Results
(16 states in the Union)
Thomas
Jefferson
Virginia
Democratic
73
-Republican
52.9%
Aaron Burr
New York
Democratic
73
-Republican
52.9%
John Adams
Massachusetts
Federalist
65
47.1%
Charles Pinckney
South Carolina
Federalist
64
46.4%
John Jay
New York
Federalist
1
0.7%
Total Number of Electors
138
Total Electoral Votes Cast
276
Number of Votes for a
Majority
70
1800 Election Results
Adams
Jefferson
1800 Election Results
(Into the House of
Representatives!!)
 1 vote for each State 
Thomas
Jefferson
Virginia
DemocraticRepublican
10
62.5%
Aaron Burr
New
York
DemocraticRepublican
4
25.0%
Blank
------
2
12.5%
As the 19th Century Dawns
– so do Partisan Politics
• Political machines –
Tammany Hall
• Rival newspapers
• Salacious insults
• Sex scandals
• Even duels to the death!
Richmond Recorder (1802)
• A Song Supposed to have been
written by the Sage of Monticello:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
When pressed by loads of state affairs
I seek to sport and dally
The sweetest solace of my cares
Is in the lap of Sally,
She’s black you tell me – grant she be –
Must color always tally?
Black is love’s proper hue for me
And white’s the hue for Sally
The Death of Alexander
Hamilton – and the Federalist
Party