Transcript October 12, 2011

October 12, 2011
On this day in 1492, Christopher Columbus reached
the New World.
II. The Rise of Political Parties
A. The Debate over Hamilton’s financial plan led to
two political parties:
1) Federalists-Hamilton’s supporters
advocated for a stronger national
government. Support came from the north.
2) Democratic-Republicans-Led by Thomas
Jefferson and were in favor of stronger
state rights. Support came from the south.
B. Washington Takes Office1. Washington would take power (1789) during the
French Revolution. Washington did his best to
remain neutral, which was unpopular.
2. Jay’s Treaty
a) The British began intercepting all American
bound ships for France.
b) Washington sent John Jay to Britain to
avoid war.
c) Terms
1) British had the right to seize American
ships bound for France
2) British gave up forts in American territory.
d) Ratification
1) Treaty was ratified, however, the DemocraticRepublicans accused the Federalists of being British
and the treaty was highly unpopular across the U.S.
Washington’s Farewell Address
Open to page 165:
1) What are Washington’s two warnings to the United
States?
2) In his first warning, why does he bring in geography?
3) Why does Washington warn against foreign alliances?
4) What would Washington think of the state of American
domestic and foreign affairs? Why?
October 13, 2011
On this day in 1800, John Adams became the
first president to reside in the White House.
4. Washington’s Farewell Address
a) Before leaving office in 1796, Washington
warned about the danger of foreign alliances
and political parties by sectional lines.
“It is our true policy to
steer clear of permanent
alliances with any portion
of the foreign world.”
Election of 1796
John Adams
Massachusetts
Federalist
71
51.4%
Thomas Jefferson
Virginia
DemocraticRepublican
68
49.3%
Thomas Pinckney
South Carolina
Federalist
59
42.8%
Aaron Burr
New York
DemocraticRepublican
30
21.7%
Samuel Adams
Massachusetts
Federalist
15
10.9%
Oliver Ellsworth
Connecticut
Federalist
11
8.0%
George Clinton
New York
DemocraticRepublican
7
5.1%
Other
-
-
15
10.9%
Election of 1796 Electoral College Map
III. John Adams
A. John Adams (Federalist), became the Second
President of the United States in 1796 over
Thomas Jefferson.
October 14, 2011
On this day in 1914, Theodore Roosevelt is shot before
giving a speech in Milwaukee. The ex-President with a fresh
bullet in his body, proceeds to give a speech for an hour
before going to the hospital.
It takes more
than a bullet
to take down
a Bull Moose
B. Alien and Sedition Acts-Passed by Federalists
1. Gave power to deport any alien without a trial
that was dangerous
2. Made it illegal to print anything critical of
government
Roger Griswold of
Connecticut
assaulting Dem-Rep
Matthew Lyon
D. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
1. Critical of the Alien and Sedition Acts. Stated the states
could nullify national laws that were unconstitutional
a) Nullification-Declare a law invalid
b) These resolutions had little effect
E. Election of 1800
1. Thomas Jefferson (with Aaron Burr as Vice President) v.
John Adams.
2. Flaw-Each voter cast a vote for president and vice
president. As a result, Aaron Burr and Jefferson ended in a
tie. This led to a vote in the Federalist controlled House of
Representatives.
Aaron Burr
October 17, 2011
On this day in 1931, Al Capone went to prison.
Thomas Jefferson
Virginia
DemocraticRepublican
73
52.9%
Aaron Burr
New York
DemocraticRepublican
73
52.9%
John Adams
Massachusetts
Federalist
65
47.1%
Charles Pinckney
South Carolina
Federalist
64
46.4%
John Jay
New York
Federalist
1
0.7%
3. Hamilton urged his followers to support Jefferson
in the election. As a result, Jefferson was able to
secure victory in 1800.
4. Significance-Transfer of power without
bloodshed
IV. Jefferson
A. Louisiana Purchase-In 1803, Jefferson
purchased the Louisiana Purchase from
France for 15 million.
1. Impact: Doubled the size of the United
States and gave the nation control of the
Mississippi River.
Why did both
Napoleon and
Jefferson agree
to this deal?
2. Contradiction-Power not given to Jefferson
to make such a purchase.
October 19, 2011
On this day in 1985, the first Blockbuster store
opened.
3. Lewis and Clark-Jefferson asked Lewis and
Clark to trace the Missouri River and find a
route to the Pacific Ocean.
a) They were led by Sacagawea to theRocky
Mountains Columbia RiverPacific Ocean.
Clark
Lewis
October 18, 2011
On this day in 1867, the United States purchased
Alaska. At the time, this purchase was known as
“Seward’s Folly.”
V. Marbury v. Madison (1803)
A. Decision-Under the direction of John Marshall,
the Supreme Court ruled part of the Judiciary Act
was unconstitutional, thus establishing the
principle of judicial review. Judicial review is part
of the unwritten constitution.
1. Marshall would increase the power of the
Supreme Court during his 34 years.
October 23-Assessment
1. How would a Federalist justify the expansion
of power of the Supreme Court? Is judicial
review part of the Constitution?
2. How was the Louisiana Purchase
contradictory toward Jefferson’s principles?
VI. Tension with the British
A. British sailors often deserted to American ships.
The British solved this problem by impressment.
1. Impressment-Term for forcing people into
military service.
2. The Embargo of 1807-The public wanted war with the
British, however, Jefferson did not want to involve America
in foreign affairs.
a) The embargo banned trade with Europe.
1) Congress repealed it in 1809
B. War Hawks-Led by John C. Calhoun and Henry
Clay, the War Hawks were Congressmen that
believed America should respond to British
impressment of American sailors.
1. Trade restrictions also hurt people in the United
States
Why?
C. Tension with Native Americans
1. Tecumseh-Believed that he could unite the
Native American tribes against the
Americans.
a) Battle of Tippecanoe-Tecumseh was
defeated and fled to British Canada.
b) Americans felt that the British were aiding
the Native Americans
c) James Madison asked Congress to declare
war
James Madison
VII. War of 1812
A. The United States was unprepared for the war.
1. In 1814, the British attacked Washington D.C.
(successfully) and Baltimore (unsuccessfully).
Flag at Fort McHenry
Fort McHenry
B. Hartford Convention-In December 1814, some
members of the Federalist party urged secession.
This would lead to the downfall of the Federalists.
C. Battle of New Orleans (January 1815)-Under the
leadership of Andrew Jackson, the Americans
defeated a British force of 7,500 at New Orleans.
1. Impact:
a) Made Andrew Jackson a national hero
b) This battle combined with the Hartford Convention,
destroyed the Federalist Party.
c) Sparked a wave of nationalism
Assessment
1. How did the War of 1812 influence Andrew
Jackson?
2. How did the Hartford Convention lead to the
collapse of the Federalist Party?
3. Was the Embargo of 1807 consistent with
Washington’s Farewell Address? Why or why
not?
October 21, 2011
On this day in 1797, the USS Constitution was launched. During an
engagement with a British ship in the War of 1812, witnesses claim the cannon
balls bounced off the Constitution’s sides. The Constitution would become
known as “Old Ironsides.”
October 24, 2011
On this day in 1931, the George Washington Bridge
was dedicated.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/wavz13/4084654824/
VIII. Era of Good Feelings
A. Term used to describe James Monroe’s
presidency.
1. One political party remained (democraticrepublican).
B. Second National Bank-Dem.-Rep. allowed the first
bank to expire. This was a disaster.
1. Calhoun, Clay, and Webster supported a bill that
became law that created the Second National Bank.
a) Allowed bank to regulate currency and control
state banks
C. Monroe Doctrine-The time for European
colonization in the Americas was over. Monroe
hoped this would allow the U.S. to stay out of
European affairs.
VIII. John Marshall and the Supreme Court
A. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
1. Maryland passed legislation to impose taxes on
the Second National Bank.
2. Ruling
a) The bank was constitutional due to the _______
and ________ clause.
b) Maryland had no right to tax the bank.
Does this increase the
power of the national
government?
B. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
1. Ogden had been granted a monopoly by New
York to operate all steamboat traffic in New York.
2. Gibbons wanted to use the waterways too. He
sued and John Marshall declared the monopoly
unconstitutional.
a) Gave national government the power to interfere in
trade within states.
b) Increased power of national government.
What is sectionalism?
IX. Beginning of sectionalism
A. The Missouri Compromise-In 1819, the
Union consisted of 11 free and slave states.
1. Maine entered as a free state and Missouri
as a slave state
2. Any future state entered north of 36° 30’
would be a free state and south would be a
slave state.
B. Election of 1824 and “The Corrupt Bargain”
1. Candidates
a) Andrew Jackson (Tennessee)
b) Henry Clay (Kentucky)
c) John Quincy Adams (Massachusetts)
d) William Crawford (Georgia)
2. Henry Clay-Favored the American System
a) National road
b) Protective Tariff
3. Jackson-Focused on heroism as a soldier
4. Result:
a) Jackson won the popular vote, but lost the election to
Adams. This caused accusations of a corrupt bargain
between Clay and Adams.
b) Why? Vote went to the House and Clay supported
Adams.
X. Jackson
A. Became president in 1828
Review Sheet Continued
New Themes
1) Foreign Policy (Neutrality and Military Intervention)
2) Sectionalism
On your review sheet classify the following:
1) Embargo of 1807
2) Gibbons v. Ogden
3) McCulloch v. Maryland
4) Washington and European affairs
5) Monroe Doctrine
6) Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
7) James Madison’s Foreign Policy
8) Hartford Convention