Transcript File
Jefferson Alters the Nation's Course Election of 1800 Adams and Jefferson battle for Presidency Jefferson beats Adams, but ties with Aaron Burr H.o.R. Called to casts vote for President; deadlocked at 35; Hamilton supports Jefferson; Jefferson wins Exposes issue with electoral process; 12th amendment created Electors cast 2 votes on their ballot, one for President and one for VP Hamilton vs. Burr Duel Jefferson's Presidency Jefferson replaces Fed. With D-R Reduces armed forces Reduces power of National Bank Eliminates Internal tax Favors free-trade over gov't control (tariffs) Southern Politics dominates as Northern power diminishes Midnight Judges John Marshall appointed as Chief Justice by Adams Adams pushes Judiciary Acts of 1801 before he leaves presidency Appoints 16 Federalists judges (Midnight Judges) Jefferson argues undelivered papers invalidate judges Marbury v. Madison (1803) Madison was ordered to deliver William Marbury his papers to become a judge Judiciary Act of 1789 required Madison to deliver papers Madison refuses, so Madison sues Marshall rules it unconstitutional Judicial Review is established; Supreme Court can declare Congress rulings as unconstitutional and void Westward Migration 1800-1810: Ohio population grows from 45k to 231k Use Cumberland Gap to reach OH, KY, TN In 1775, Daniel Boone leads clearing of Wilderness Road Louisiana Purchase LA returned to France from Spain; Jefferson fears strong French presence Jefferson buys LA Territory from Napoleon Doubts he has constitutional authority LA Purchase doubles US size Lewis and Clark Jefferson appoints Lewis and Clark to lead Corps of Discovery Explore new territory and passage to Pacific Gather info about people and plants Native American women, Sacajawea, serves as interpreter and guide Barbary Pirates From 1801-1805, Jefferson declared war against the Barbary Pirates in the Mediterranean Pirates were seizing USA ships and crewmen USA had a deal with pirates to stop seizures, but they still continued Jefferson sends in Navy and Marines to put down Barbary Pirates Extension of Jefferson Executive powers British Grievances British blockade French ports to prevent ships from entering British and French begin to seize American ships and cargo Britain continues to impress Americans, drafting them to British Navy Chesapeake Incident: 3 Americans killed, 18 wounded by British when American captain refuses to let British on board frigate, the Chesapeake Embargo Act of 1807 Jefferson convinces Congress to declare embargo, ban on exporting to foreign countries Supposed to hurt European countries and make them honor neutrality, but it actually hurts USA Non-Intercourse Act of 1809: USA lifts embargo, except for Britain and France Tecumseh's Confederacy William Henry Harrison negotiates 3 mil. Acres of land from NA for USA Tecumseh refused; creates confederacy with help from his brother, Prophet Urged NA to return to old ways and abolish white “civilization” After victory at Battle of Tippecanoe, US realizes Britain supplied NA with weapons; War hawks, young US Congressmen (Calhoun and Clay), demand war Madison's Presidency In 1808, James Madison defeats Charles C. Pinckney for Presidency Declares war on Britain in Spring 1812 Argues Britain is strangling trade and cripple econ. (seize ships, impressment, provide NA with weapons) War Brings Mixed Results War in Canada US unprepared; British win at Montreal & Detroit Oliver Hazard Perry defeats British on Lake Eerie; USA wins Battle in Canada Tecumseh dies at Battle of Thames (1813) War at Sea US Navy only had 16 war ships, 3 frigates (warships); frigates won many victories War Brings Mixed Results (cont...) British Burn the White House 1814, Britain raids towns on Atlantic Coast British burn White House in retaliation to US burning down governor's mansion in Canada Battle of New Orleans Andrew Jackson fights NA, gains fame Defeats NA at Battle of Horseshoe Bend Destroys NA military power Treaty of Ghent Peace agreement signed on Christmas 1814 Declares armistice, stop to fighting 1815: commercial treaty opens trade btwn US and British 1817: Rush-Bagot agreement limits war ships on Great Lakes 1818: Northern Boundary of LA set on 49th Parallel Agree to share Oregon Territories