Transcript Chapter 9 - Net Start Class

Chapter 9
Election of 1800
• Federalists supported
John Adams
• Republicans supported Thomas
Jefferson
• Letter writing campaign
Election of 1800
• Tied Vote between Jefferson and
his running mate Aaron Burr
• House of Representatives decided
• Passed 12 Amendment
– Requires electors to vote for the
president and vice president on
separate ballots
Monticello
Jefferson’s Inauguration
• 3rd President
• Jefferson tried to bridge the gap
between the developing political
parties & reach out to Federalist
with healing words
• Laissez-faire- let the people do as
they choose (lazy government)
Jefferson’s Polices
• Strength of government was
the farmers-people who owned
land
• Expand Westward
• Federal government kept small
• Supported states rights
Jefferson’s Cabinet
President
Thomas Jefferson
1801, 1805
Vice President
Aaron Burr
George Clinton
1801
1805
Secretary of State
James Madison
1801
Secretary of War
Henry Dearborn
1801
Secretary of the Treasury
Samuel Dexter
Albert Gallatin
1801
1801
Attorney General
Levi Lincoln
John C. Breckinridge
Caesar A. Rodney
1801
1805
1807
Secretary of the Navy
Robert Smith
1801
Judiciary Act of 1801
• Creates the Federal Court
System
• Set up regional courts for the
US with 16 judges and many
other officials
“Midnight Judges”
• Before Adams left office he
appointed new judges
• Letters had to be delivered, yet
not all arrived before Jefferson
took office
• He stopped the undelivered
letters and appointed new people
• William Marbury never received
his letter
Marbury v. Madison
• Court case of 1803
• Supreme Court of the US
established its authority to review
government actions that conflict
with the Constitution
• 1st time-judicial review was used
• 1st time - Supreme Court declared
something to be unconstitutional
• John Marshall
Judicial Review
• Federal courts to decide if
state and federal laws are
unconstitutional
• Gave the Supreme Court the
power to be the final authority
in what the Constitution means
• Basic part of our checks and
balances system
Government Should
• Custom Duties-taxes on
foreign imported goods
• Limited the government:
–Collecting custom duties
–Delivering mail
–Census every 10 yrs
Conestoga Conestoga
Wagons
Wagons
Louisiana Territory
• Who Owned: 1st France, 2nd Spain,
3rd France (4th US)
• Now that France owns, worried
about the port of New Orleans &
the Mississippi River
French Threat
• Napoleon Bonaparte had plans for
empires in Europe & America
• We offered to buy just New
Orleans and West Florida
for $10 million
• Said NO!!
The Nation Doubles
• Charles de Talleyrand informed the
American diplomats that the entire
Louisiana Territory was for sale
• SOLD for $15 million
• DOUBLES our size
In 1803 United States President Thomas
Jefferson paid Napoleon Bonaparte of France $15
million for about 2.1 million sq km (about 800,000
sq mi) of land west of the Mississippi River. This
purchase doubled the size of the United States.
LEWIS AND CLARK
Lewis and Clark
• Exploration of the American West
and Pacific Northwest, May 1804 –
Sept 1806.
• Led by army officers Meriwether
Lewis and William Clark.
• Sent by Pres. Jefferson
Lewis and Clark
• Covered a total of about 8,000
mi, from St. Louis to the Pacific
Ocean and back.
• Jefferson believed in a
Northwest Passage or some
kind of water connection
between the Atlantic and
Pacific oceans.
Lewis and Clark
• Goal of the expedition was to
locate such a water route
• Made peaceful contact with
Indians
• Gained wealth of knowledge
about the peoples,
geography, plants, and
animals
United States president Thomas Jefferson commissioned
the Lewis and Clark expedition that began in 1804. This
painting by shows Shoshone guide Sacagawea leading the
way for American explorers Meriwether Lewis and
William Clark. They traveled from St. Louis, Missouri, to
the Columbia River where it meets the Pacific Ocean.
Sacagawea 1787?-1812
• Shoshone Native American woman
• Accompanied the Lewis and Clark
Expedition
• She helped persuade many Indian
tribes of their peaceful
intentions
• Acted as an interpreter
Pike’s Expedition
• Zebulon Pike set out to explore
• Mississippi River to Colorado
• Snow capped mountain-Pike’s
peak
Secede or Withdraw
• Many Federalists opposed the
Louisiana Purchase and
threatened to secede
• New England into “Northern
Confederacy”
“The Duel” Burr & Hamilton
• Burr was defeated in the governor
race of New York
• Burr forced Hamilton into a duel
• Met in Weehawken, New Jersey
• Hamilton was mortally wounded
and died the next day.
Freedom of the Seas
• People needed our trade
• Remained neutral (not take
sides) during France and
Britain's war
Problems with Britain
• Kidnapped American sailors
• Impressment
• Attack the ship Chesapeake
• Passed the Embargo Act
– Prohibited trade with other
countries
– HURT US-overturned
New President
th
4
• James Madison
President
• “Father of the Constitution”
Tecumseh
• Built a confederacy among Native
Americans of the Northwest
• Alliance with Canada
• HATED America
• Joined forces with the British
• When he died, so did his dreams
Indian Problems
• Battle of Tippecanoe
– Gen.William Henry Harrison
• Harrison’s nickname
– Used in Presidential Race 1840
– Tippecanoe and Tyler, Too
War Hawks
• Group of young Republicans elected
to Congress in 1810
• Pressured the president, James
Madison to declare war on Britain
• Nationalism- loyalty to a nation and
promotion of its interest above all
others
• Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun
War of 1812
• United States vs. Britain 1812-1815
• Protect American ships on the high
seas & to stop the British from
impressing or seizing U.S. sailors
• U.S. ships were being stopped and
searched by both Great Britain and
France, who were fighting each
other in Europe.
War of 1812
• Needed to prevent Britain from
forming alliances with Native
Americans on the American
frontier.
• “second war of independence”
• opportunity for Americans to
defend their freedom and honor in
the face of European disrespect
Battles
• Battle of Thames-Tecumseh killed
• Battle of Horseshoe Bend-Andrew
Jackson
• Attack on Washington D.C.
• Battle of Lake Champlain
• Battle of New Orleans- Andrew
Jackson became a HERO!!
Other
• Treaty of Ghent- ended the war
• Hartford Convention
– Weakened the Federalist Party
– The public lost respect
Key People
Francis Scott Key
– National Anthem
– Star Spangled Banner
– Written while at Fort McHenry
Dolly Madison
– Helped save documents & paintings
Vocabulary
• Nationalism-Loyalty to ones
country
• Frigates- Warships
• Privateers-Armed private
ships
War of 1812
Battle of New Orleans
Helped Andrew Jackson win Presidency
Attack on Washington D.C.
Commodore Perry