Transcript SSUSH 14: The student will explain America`s evolving relationship

SSUSH14 – The student will explain America’s
evolving relationship with the world at the turn of
the twentieth century.
a. Explain the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and anti-Asian
immigration sentiment on the west coast.
• Chinese immigrants were coming to the U.S. on the west
coast (Angel Island).
• Worked on railroads and took lower wages for jobs. This
created an anti-Asian sentiment among native-born
Americans who feared that jobs would go to Chinese
immigrants.
• In 1882, Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, which
banned all future immigration from China except students,
teachers, tourists, merchants, & gov’t officials.
– Was not repealed until 1943.
b. Describe the Spanish-American War, the war in
the Philippines, and the debate over American
expansionism.
• Spanish-American War (1898)
– In 1895 Jose’ Marti (Cuba) started another revolution
against Spain. Spain responded by sending in Valeriano
Weyler, who put nearly 300,000 Cubans in concentration
camps.
– U.S. helps Cuba – Causes of War
• Yellow Journalism - exaggerating or stretching the truth.
• Sinking of the USS Maine – U.S. battleship explodes while
sitting in the harbor of Habana, Cuba. U.S. blames Spain.
• Wanted to remove European influence from Western
Hemisphere
– April 1898 U.S. declares war on Spain
Spanish-American War
Remember the Maine!
Ending the War
– War lasted 3 years, killing nearly 25,000 people.
– Treaty of Paris (1898) – Ended war with following
terms:
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Cuba is independent
U.S. gets Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines
U.S. pays Spain $20 million
U.S. gives Philippines partial home rule
– As a result of the Spanish-Am War:
• U.S. now owns an empire (American Expansionism)
• Ends U.S. isolationism
• U.S. emerges as a world power
Expansionism Debate
• On June 2, 1899, the First Philippine
Republic officially declared war against the
United States. The war officially ended on
July 4, 1902.
• Estimated 220,000 Filipino casualties and
4,000 U.S. military casualties
• The Philippines becomes an unicoporated
territory of the United States (a colony with
limited self rule). Granted independence
in 1946
War in the Philippines
The Debate over American
Expansionism
• To the Person Sitting in Darkness (Mark
Twain), “There must be two Americas:
one that sets the captive free, and one that
takes a once-captive's new freedom away
from him, and picks a quarrel with him with
nothing to found it on; then kills him to get
his land. . .”
The Anti-imperialist league
• On June 15, 1898, formed to fight U.S.
annexation of the Philippines, citing a
variety of reasons ranging from the
economic to the legal to the racial to the
moral. It included among its members as
Andrew Carnegie, Mark Twain, William
James,, and Samuel Gompers.
The Moro Crater Massacre (1906)
• U.S. Army under the command of Major General
Leonard Wood, a naval detachment comprising
540 soldiers, along with a detachment of Filipino
Soldiers, armed with artillery and small firearms,
attacked a village hidden in the crater of
the dormant volcano Bud Dajo.
• More than 600 mostly Muslim Moro villagers
(including many women and children) were killed
by the Americans, of whom fifteen soldiers were
killed and thirty-two were wounded.
c. Explain U.S. involvement in Latin America, as
reflected by the Roosevelt Corollary to the
Monroe Doctrine and the creation of the Panama
Canal
• Roosevelt Corollary
– European powers were getting involved in
Latin America
– Teddy Roosevelt wanted US to be the most
powerful influence in Latin American.
– “Speak softly and carry a big stick” policy
– The Roosevelt Corollary stated: the U.S.
would use force to protect its economic
interests in Latin America
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe
Doctrine
“BIG STICK DIPLOMACY”
U.S. involvement in Latin America
c. Explain U.S. involvement in Latin America, as
reflected by the Roosevelt Corollary to the
Monroe Doctrine and the creation of the Panama
Canal
• Panama Canal - A canal built by the U.S.
cutting across Central America to reduce
travel time and provide a short cut between
the oceans for commercial and military ships.
– U.S. chose Panama for the canal, which
belonged to Colombia. They refused our
offer…wanted more $.
– US helps Panama rebel against Colombia
– Panama accepts our offer ($10m and $250,000 a
year)
– Canal built between 1904-1914
Creation of the Panama Canal