Transcript 29 AmericaBecomesanImperialPower

Isolationism
US foreign policy was to avoid
conflicts with other countries
Imperialism
The policy in which
stronger nations extend
their economic, political,
and/or military control
over weaker territories.
Closing the American Frontier
Matthew Perry
Japan was isolated until
Perry made them sign the
treaty of Kanagawa & trade
with the US
Japan, Trade, & Matthew Perry
The
Open Door Policy
Chinese ports were
taken over by foreign
nations & they had
special rights there
Spheres of influence
The Open Door Policy
Secretary John Hay.
Give all nations equal
access to trade in China.
Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken
over by any one foreign power.
The Boxer Rebellion: 1900
Chinese resistance
US and other foreign nations use
military to end
U. S. Interests In Hawaii
Naval Base- Pearl
Harbor
Fertile soilSugar, Coffee,
Pineapples
1893 – American
businessmen
backed by military
overthrow Queen
Liliuokalani.
Republic
of Hawaii in 1894.
Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani
Hawaii for the Hawaiians!
America as a Pacific Power
The Spanish-American War (1898):
Spanish Misrule in Cuba
Spanish treatment of Cubans
“Yellow Journalism”
Newspapers reported the uprising
with dramatic headlines and
articles.
Joseph Pulitzer
William Randolph Hearst
You furnish the pictures,
and I’ll furnish the war!
Remember the Maine
and to Hell with Spain!
Teddy
Roosevelt
and The
“Rough
Riders”
Dewey Captures Manila!
US wins- gains Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico & Philippines
Cuban Independence?
Teller Amendment
(1898)- Cuba would be
independent after war.
No US involvement
Platt Amendment
(1903)- Cuba could not
borrow money or make
treaties without US
approval
“Uncle Sam teaches the art of
self government”
Puerto Rico Supreme Court
Foraker Act
Gave Puerto
Rico a limited
say over their
own affairs
US soldiers fighting in Philippines
Led a revolt
against the US in
the Philippines
Emilio Aguinaldo
Panama: Acquiring the Canal Zone
Colombia controls Panama
Roosevelt upset because
Colombia will not sell land
Panama revolts against
Colombia
Marines helps Panama win
independence
Hay-Bunau-Varillia treaty
Panama sells land to US
to build canal
Panama Canal
TR in Panama
(Construction begins in
1904)
Eradicating the mosquito
Problems
building it
Patient with
yellow fever
When
Huerta
refused,
WilsonMadero
used
minor
In
The
1913,
US
Mexican
refused
topresident
recognize
Huerta
was
&
incidents
(arrest
ofhe
some
sailors)
to
send the
demanded
overthrown
that
by
dictator
stepU.S.
down
Victoriano
so legitimate
Huerta
military
to could
occupybeVeracruz
forcepresident
Huerta to
elections
held for &
a new
flee to Europe
Mexican
Pancho
triedthe
to provoke
war
Wilsonrebel
responded
byVilla
sending
military to
with
theVilla
U.S.(who
by raiding
across to
thedoborder
find
were unable
so)
Our “Sphere of Influence”
The Roosevelt Corollary to the
Monroe Doctrine: 1905
Chronic wrongdoing… may in
America, as elsewhere,
ultimately require intervention
by some civilized nation, and
in the Western Hemisphere the
adherence of the United States
to the Monroe Doctrine may
force the United States,
however reluctantly, in
flagrant cases of such
wrongdoing or impotence, to
the exercise of an
international police power .
The Roosevelt Corollary
TR warned European nations to stay out
• One
of
the
greatest
concerns
was
the
AND warned Latin American nations to be
intervention
of European
in Latin
more responsible
or thenations
U.S. would
America:
intervene
– In 1903, Germany & England threatened to
invade Venezuela to collect unpaid debts
– TR issued Roosevelt Corollary to the
Monroe Doctrine in 1904 claiming special
“police powers”
“Constable of the World”
Speak Softly, But Carry a Big Stick!
The Great White Fleet: 1907
Roosevelt
sends Fleet
around world
to show off
power of
America
Gun Boat Diplomacy
Russo- Japanese War
• Japanese attack Russian
troops in Manchuria
• US fears both a strong
Russia and Japan
• Japanese win battles and
ask Roosevelt to
negotiate peace treaty
Treaty of Portsmouth= Nobel Peace Prize for
Teddy
“Dollar
Diplomacy”
President Taft
Replace European loans
with American
Economic Imperialism
Use dollars instead of
bullets to control Latin
America
Reduce chances of
European Intervention
Dollar Diplomacy in Action
• US business invest billions in
Latin America
• Mines, railroads, sugar,
bananas
• President Taft send Marines
to Nicaragua to stop
revolution and protect
American investments
• Marines stay for 21 years to
enforce Roosevelt Corollary
The Roosevelt Corollary was used to justify
Attempts
to
maintain
order
in
Latin
America
American armed intervention in the
led Dominican
to pro-American
regimes
that
relied
on
Republic,
Cuba,
Haiti,
dictatorial rule over its citizens
Nicaragua, & Mexico