Transcript American History Chapter 3: An Emerging New Nation

American History Chapter 3:
An Emerging New Nation
II. The Market Revolution
Bell Ringer
• During the first half of the 1800’s, expanding
markets and thriving industries and business
transformed American life. The Market
Revolution, as this transformation was called,
made the making of money the chief goal of
most Americans.
• Consider whether or not the roots of our current
culture, with its emphasis on material goods,
might have its origins in the Market Revolution.
Objectives
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Learn about ways the economy expanded in the early 1800s and see how
the northern and southern economies differed.
Find out about events of the early 1800s that reflected the rise of
nationalism in America.
Discover how new opposition parties arose.
See what issues shaper the presidency of Andrew Jackson.
Illinois State Standards met:
STATE GOAL 16: Understand events, trends, individuals and
movements shaping the history of Illinois, the United States and other
nations.
• 16.D.5 (US) Analyze the relationship between an issue in United
States social history and the related aspects of political, economic
and environmental history
•
16.E.5a (W) Analyze how technological and scientific developments have
affected human productivity, human comfort and the environment.
July 4th, 1826
• Thomas Jefferson and John Adams both
died on the same day, the 50th anniversary
of the country.
• Can the new US leadership cope with new
problems without having the leadership of
the founding fathers? Or will they lead us
to civil war?
A) An Expanding Economy
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Market Revolution: Shift from a home-based, often
agricultural, economy to one based on money and
the buying and selling of goods.
9) Manufacturing: making of products by machinery
10) Free enterprise system (capitalism) private
ownership, investing by private citizens, no price
controlled, supply and demand
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People started working and then shopping
11) capital: wealth that can be invested to produce
goods and make money
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Banks are created with state charters
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Bank notes the most common form of currency
(checks)
B) The Northern Economy
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No slavery
Northwest – farming – corn, wheat
Northeast – industry – cities
industrialization: growth of industry
first hired women (cheap) then hired Irish (cheaper)
strike: work stoppage
Labor union: organization of workers formed to
protect their interest – ages and working
conditions (NTU) National trades Union - 1st union
Early unions died out, government took the side of
owners
C) The Southern Economy
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Rural – farmers – cotton – rice – tobacco
No industry
1804 all Northern states slave free
1808 Congress banned importation of slaves
Denmark Vesey tried a slave revolt, betrayed by
a follower and hanged
• Nat Turner, revolted and killed 57 whites, at
hanging the crowd turned violent and killed over
100 African American spectators
• Banned teaching slaves to read.
D) The Rise of Nationalism
• US pulling together even though it is pulling
apart.
• Supreme Court okayed a Bank of the US,
protected business contracts, right to regulate
commerce
• Became friendlier with the UK
15) Monroe Doctrine: US would not get
involved with Europe, not interfere with
existing colonies, not permit anymore
colonization, any European involvement
would be an act of war.
E) The Rise of Opposition
Parties
• Election of 1824 – Jackson wins popular vote but not a
majority of the Electoral College. House chooses then.
Clay swings Kentucky’s vote to Adams. Clay made
Secretary of State. Hmmm…..
• Adams starts the National Republicans – true followers
of Jefferson (big government)
• Jackson starts the Democrats (Jacksonian Democrats)–
the true followers of Jefferson (small gov’t)
• 2nd party system emerges
• (1st: Federalists vs. Jefferson’s Democrat-Republicans)
• Election of 1828 – Jackson smashes Adams
F) The Presidency of Andrew
Jackson
• Patronage becomes known as the “spoils
system” – Jackson’s friends became high
officials – argued rotation keeps people
from retaining power. Good point
• Vetoed more acts then previous 6
Presidents (small gov’t – liberty)
a) Tariff of Abomination
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Congress passed a tariff to encourage American
products. How?
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Helped the North, South hated it
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South Carolina said states could nullify federal laws
16) nullify: reject federal laws
17) State’s Rights: (state sovereignty) states have
certain powers that the Federal Gov’t cannot
violate.
18) Secede: right to break away if rights attacked.
(Dec of In)
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Jackson got passed the Force Bill – gave him power to
raise 50,000 troops to enforce the laws. Civil War?
Congress lowered tariffs and SC backed down, did
nullify the Force Bill
b) Indian Relocation
Congress voted to relocate Cherokee
Indians in the South.
Worcester v. Georgia: Chief Justice
Marshall voted against the Act. Cannot
enforce it though
19)Trail of Tears: forcibly relocation of
the Cherokee – 1 out of 4 died
c) Bank War and Jackson’s
Successors
• Jackson vetoed the re-charter of the US
bank.
• Won re-election – National Republicans
changed name to Whigs – anti-king
• Called Jackson Andrew I.
• Martin Van Buren wins 1836, (D) looses to
Harrison in 1840, replaced by Tyler 1
month later.
Review
• How did the economy expand in the early
1800s, and how did the northern and southern
economies differ?
• What events of the early 1800s reflect the rise of
nationalism in America?
• Who did new opposition parties arise?
• What issues shaped the presidency of Andrew
Jackson?
• What is the difference between the United
States is and the United States are?