Transcript Digestion and Respiration

Nutrition
 Nutrition = the process
of using food for growth,
repair tissues and getting
energy
 Two Types:
 Autotrophic
 Heterotrophic
Ah-toe-trofs
Autotrophs (Producers): Energy
Photoautotrophs
 What does “photo” mean?
 Photo = Light
 Where do you think that the living things that are
photoautotrophs get their energy? What type of energy
do they use?
 Sunlight
 Ex. Green plants
Food
Examples of Autotrophs
Hea-tur-oh-trofs
Heterotrophs (Consumers): Food
 Get energy by eating
“food” made by other
living things
 Three types
 Herbivores
 Carnivores
 Omnivores
Energy
Di-jes-chun
Digestion: Getting Energy from Food
 Digestion = the process in which
food is broken down into smaller
substances (biomolecules)
 What are some biomolecules
(organic and inorganic compounds)?
 Starch, carbohydrates, sugar, lipids.
 Smaller substances are then used to
make energy
 They also help living things grow
and repair cells
 There are 4 stages:




Ingestion,
Digestion,
Absorption,
and Egestion
In-jes-chun
1) Ingestion
 Putting food into the
body (through the
mouth OF COURSE!)
2) Digestion
 The transformation of
food into nutrients
(smaller substances) that
the body can absorb.
Meh-kan-eh-kal and Khem-eh-cul
Mechanical and Chemical Digestion
 Mechanical Digestion
 Food broken down into
smaller pieces
 Chemical Digestion
 Food broken down into
biomolecules
 Your mouth does both!
 Teeth = Mechanical
Digestion
 Saliva (Spit) = Chemical
Digestion

contains enzymes
Ab-sorp-chun
3) Absorption
 The movement of nutrients (biomolecules) from the
digestive system into the blood
 The blood then takes them to the cells
Ee-jes-chun
4) Egestion
 Egestion = the elimination of waste products from the
digestive system.
 Waste Products
Feces
 Body only takes out what it needs!
Gas-trik
Types of Digestive System
Gastric Cavity
Digestive tube
 A sac lined with cells
 A tube with a place where
 Structure of animals that use
food enters (a mouth) and a
place where it exits (an anus)
 Structure of animals that use
extracellular digestion
only intracellular digestion
 Digestion ONLY occurs
inside of cells
 Digestion takes place outside
of cells
Digestive Tube
 Mouth
 Carbohydrate digestion
 Esophagus None
 Transports food from the mouth to the
stomach
 Stomach Digestion
 Acids break down food through chemical
digestion
 Small IntestineDigestion and Absorption
 Digestion and the beginning of
absorption
 Large Intestine Absorption and Egestion
 Waste converted into feces
 Some absorption
 Anus and Rectum
Egestion
 Removal of waste products
 Accessory Glands
 Salivary Glands, Pancreas, and Liver
 Make enzymes to break down food into
specific biomolecules
Ingestion
Respiratory System
 What goes in must come out!
 Waste produced when we
breathe just like when we eat
 Respiratory System is in
control of the exchange of
gases
 Oxygen inhaled
 Carbon Dioxide exhaled
 Gas exchange
 4 types of Respiration
Systems and different ways
that gas is exchanged in
different types of animals
Que-tain-ee-ous
1) Cutaneous Respiration
 Gas exchange occurs
through the skin
 Example: Earthworm
Bran-key-ul
2) Branchial Respiration
 Gas exchange occurs
through gills
 Example: Fish
Tray-key-ul
Spear-ah-kuls
Tracheal Respiration Tray-key-ols
 Gas exchange occurs
through internal tubes
(called tracheae)
 Oxygen enters through
the holes in the tracheae
called spiracles
 Oxygen travels through
tracheae in tunnels
called tracheoles that
carry the air directly to
the cells
Pul-mun-air-ee
Pulmonary Respiration
 Gas exchange occurs in the
lungs
 Lungs are internal cavities
with thin, damp walls full
of blood vessels
 Respiration occurs with
inhalation and exhalation
 Inhalation

Air taken into the lungs
 Exhalation
 Air expelled from the lungs
Activities
LET´S REVISE:
 PAGE 32: QUESTIONS 1 AND 2