Transcript The Circulatory System - Resuscitation Academy

The Circulatory System
Anatomy
The Heart

The Pump

As it beats, it forces
blood through oneway valves to the
entire body.
Arteries
Muscled tubes
carrying oxygenated
blood away from the
heart.
 Become smaller the
further away they get
from the heart.
 Most are deep in
muscles or protected
by bones.

Veins
Muscled tubes carrying
blood toward the heart.
 Have a series of one-way
valves that let blood flow
through them.
 Become larger as they
get closer to the heart.

Capillaries
Microscopic, thin-walled
vessels.
 Situated between the
veins & arteries
throughout the body.
 Exchange of body
nourishment & oxygen
occurs here.

Blood


Plasma is the fluid part of blood &
consists of nutrients, carbon dioxide,
hormones & water.
Plasma equals to 50% of an adult’s
total blood supply.
Plasma contains:
Red cells: carry
oxygen
 White cells: fight
disease
 Platelets: break
down & aid clotting;
also repair damaged
vessels.

The Determining Criteria
in ALL CBD Categories:
 Level
of consciousness (LOC)
 Respiratory distress
 Shock- inability to perfuse
Levels of Consciousness

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
ALERT: Person is awake & aware of
surroundings.
VERBAL: Person responds to verbal
stimulus only.
PAIN: Patient responds to painful
stimulus only.
UNRESPONSIVE: Patient is not
arouseable.
Suggested Questions to Ask

“Is the person awake?”

“Have you tried to wake
him/her?”

“Does he/she respond to you?”
Respiratory Distress






Not speaking
normally - WOB
Working hard to
get air.
Pale
Sweaty
Sometimes
cyanotic
These people
are very sick!
Critical Signs & Symptoms


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
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
Anxiety, restlessness
Decreased LOC
Cyanosis
Rapid breathing, tachypnea
Noisy respirations
Labored appearance
Diaphoresis
Non-Critical Signs &
Symptoms

Stuffy nose
SHOCK

Inadequate
tissue
perfusion, or
lack of oxygen
delivery to body ,
mainly the major
organs.
Symptoms of Shock:

Unable to sit/stand without
feeling like they will pass out
• What is the physiology behind this
sign/symptom?
Signs of Shock:

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Decreased LOC, leading to
unconsciousness
Pale, moist & cool skin
Shallow, rapid breathing
Obvious fluid loss, bleeding,
vomiting, diarrhea
Types of Shock:
Hemorrhagic
 Hypovolemic
 Anaphylactic


Septic Shock
Cardiogenic
failure
 Neurogenic

= blood loss
= large loss of fluids
= life-threatening allergic
reaction to substances
= shock caused by severe
infection
= cardiovascular system
= resulting from spinal cord
injury
Respiratory System
Oxygenates blood and expels
waste gasses (carbon dioxide)
from the body.
Pharynx

Has 2 passages
through which air
flows in & out of
the body:
• Oral pharynx
• Nasal pharynx
Epiglottis
Leaf-shaped mass of
cartilage suspended
over the larynx
 It opens when you
breathe, closes
when you swallow.

Larynx
The narrowest
portion of the adult
respiratory passage.
 Referred to as the
“voice box” because
it contains the vocal
cords.

Trachea
An air passage,
about 4.5” long
 Round in shape with
cartilage rings
around diameter to
keep it open
 Lining secretes
mucous

Bronchi

Trachea divides
into the right &
left main stem
bronchus, one to
each lung
Bronchioles

a narrow tube inside the lungs that
branches off the main air passages
(bronchi)

contribute to the cleansing function of the
respiratory system, for they, too, are lined
with mucous membranes and ciliated cells
that move mucus upward to the pharynx.
Lungs
Where exchange of
oxygen & carbon
dioxide occurs.
 Right lung is divided
into 3 lobes.
 Left lung is divided
into 2 lobes.

Alveoli
Microscopic, thinwalled air sacs.
 Exchange of gases
between air & blood
occurs here.

Diaphragm & Rib Muscles
Diaphragm is the
major muscle of
breathing.
 wide muscular
partition separating
the thoracic, or
chest cavity, from
the abdominal
cavity.

Pleura
The 2 linings on the
inside of the chest
wall = partial pleura
 The lining that
covers the outside of
the lungs = visceral
pleura
 In contact with each
other
 Lubricated by fluid

Identify
The
Numbered
images
Questions?