Transcript Honors Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy and
Physiology
Objectives:
1. Describe the branches of Anatomy and
Physiology
2. Recognize the main functions of each
organ system.
Anatomy: The study of
STRUCTURE.
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Gross Anatomy:
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Large, easily observable structures.
(Ex: Heart, bones)
Microscopic Anatomy:
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Structures too small to observe with
the naked eye.
Cytology – the study of cells
 Histology – the study of tissues

Physiology – The study of
FUNCTON.

Ex: Cardiac Physiology: study of the function
of the heart
Organization in Living Things
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Cells are made of organic molecules:
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Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids and Nucleic Acids
make up the cell and organelles.
AtomsCellsTissuesOrganOrgan
SystemOrganism
Organization in Living Things
Damage at any level can affect the health and functioning of
the organism.
Systems of Support

Integumentary System: The Skin
The external covering of the body, AKA skin!!
 Functions:

Waterproofs the body
 Protects the deeper tissues from injury
 Excretes salts and urea in perspiration
 Regulates body temperature

Systems of Support

Skeletal System
 Serves
as a framework of support
 Protects internal organs

Muscular System
 Skeletal
muscles make up the muscular system.
 Contract/shorten for movement, heat production
Systems of Control

Nervous System
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The body’s fast-acting control system
Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.
Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands
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Regulates gradual changes within the body, with chemical
controllers called hormones.
Includes: Pituitary Gland, Thyroid, Parathyroids, Adrenals,
Thymus, Pancreas, Pineal, Ovaries, and Testes.
Systems that maintain Homeostasis

Cardiovascular System: Heart,
Blood Vessels
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Delivery & transport of gases,
nutrients and wastes
Respiratory System: Lungs
Gas exchange (carbon dioxide 
oxygen)
 Consists of nasal passages,
pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi,
and lungs.

Systems that maintain Homeostasis

Digestive System

Alimentary Canal: A tube running through the body
from mouth to anus.
Breakdown of food and absorption of nutrients
 Include mouth, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach,
small/large intestines, and rectum.

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Urinary System
Removes the nitrogen-containing wastes from the
blood and flushes them from the body in urine.
 Includes kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

Systems that maintain Homeostasis

Lymphatic/Immune
System:
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Defends body against
pathogens, infection and
disease
Reproductive System:
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Main function is producing
offspring
Produces gametes (egg and
sperm)
Male’s R.S includes:
sperm, testes, scrotum,
penis, duct systems.
Female’s R.S includes:
Ovaries, eggs, uterine
tubes, vagina, and uterus.