Transcript Honors Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy and
Physiology
Objectives:
1. Describe the branches of Anatomy and
Physiology
2. Recognize the main functions of each
organ system.
Anatomy: The study of
STRUCTURE.

Gross Anatomy:


Large, easily observable structures.
Microscopic Anatomy:

Structures too small to observe with
the naked eye.
Cytology – the study of cells
 Histology – the study of tissues

Physiology – The study of
FUNCTON.

Ex: Cardiac Physiology: study of the function
of the heart
Organization in Living Things

Cells are made of organic molecules:


Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids and Nucleic Acids
make up the cell and organelles.
MoleculesAtomsCellsTissuesOrgan
Organ SystemOrganism
Organization in Living Things
Damage at any level can affect the health and functioning of
the organism.
Systems of Support

Integumentary System: The Skin
The external covering of the body, AKA skin!!
 Functions:

Waterproofs the body
 Protects the deeper tissues from injury
 Regulates body temperature

Systems of Support

Skeletal System
 Serves
as a framework of support
 Protects internal organs

Muscular System
 Skeletal
muscles make up the muscular system.
 Contract/shorten for movement, heat production
Systems of Control

Nervous System



The body’s fast-acting control system
Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.
Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands

Regulates gradual changes within the body, with chemical
controllers called hormones.
Systems that maintain Homeostasis

Cardiovascular System: Heart,
Blood Vessels


Delivery & transport of gases,
nutrients and wastes
Respiratory System: Lungs

Gas exchange (carbon dioxide 
oxygen)
Systems that maintain Homeostasis

Digestive System

Alimentary Canal: A tube running through the body
from mouth to anus.


Breakdown of food and absorption of nutrients
Urinary System
Removes the nitrogen-containing wastes from the
blood and flushes them from the body in urine.
 Includes kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

Systems that maintain Homeostasis

Lymphatic/Immune
System:


Defends body against
pathogens, infection and
disease
Reproductive System:


Main function is producing
offspring
Produces gametes (egg and
sperm)
Maintaining Life

1.
2.
3.
Objectives:
Become familiar with the human body’s
necessary life functions & survival needs.
Define homeostasis & how it persists in the
body.
Differentiate between positive & negative
feedback and provide examples
Necessary Life Functions








Maintained boundaries (insides separate from
outside)
Movement
Responsiveness (to environment)
Digestion
Metabolism (ATP, energy)
Excretion (removing waste)
Reproduction
Growth (cell growth)
Survival Needs





Nutrients (for energy & cell maintenance
Oxygen (O2 releases energy from food)
Water
Regulated body temperature (98.6° F)
Regulated atmospheric pressure (for breathing)
Homeostasis



The body’s ability to maintain relatively stable
internal conditions even though the outside
world is continuously changing
A.K.A. “balance” or “equilibrium”
In order for homeostasis to occur/continue, the
following are needed…
Homeostasis needs….
1. A Receptor: A type of sensor that responds to
changes in the environment.
2. A Control Center: Analyzes information it
receives from the environment then determines
the response.
3. The Effector: Acts out the control center’s
response to the stimulus.
Feedback

Negative Feedback
 The
most common
feedback
 The body is trying to
slow or stop the
stimulus
Feedback
 Positive
 Far
Feedback
less common
 The body is trying to
increase the stimulus
 Ex. Childbirth &
Blood clotting