Transcript Introduction to the Body

Introduction to the Human
Body
Anatomy & Physiology Class
Mrs. Leisher
WHAT IS ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY?
Anatomy: study of the structure,
shape, and locations of body parts
Physiology: study of the function of
body parts
Principle of Complementarity of
Structure & Function
- This principle states that
function reflects structure
Can you think of an example?
ANATOMICAL POSITION
Assumed position of body
– standing face-front, feet flat on floor
facing forward with palms facing
forward
Systems of the Body
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
6. Cardiovascular
7. Lymphatic/immune
8. Respiratory
9. Digestive
10. Urinary
11. Reproductive
(Male and female)
IN CLASS ASSIGNMENT:
For each system:
– Write 1 sentence that describe the
responsibilities of that system. Then list
2 organs/components of that system.
– Work on your sentence NOT being just
copied from the book. Sufficient, but
concise!!!
– Drawing (literal/symolic)
DIRECTIONAL TERMS
Superior/inferior
Anterior/posterior
Medial/lateral
Proximal/distal
Superficial/deep
ANTERIOR REGIONAL TERMS
abdominal
axillary
brachial
carpal
cervical
digital
femoral
fibular
patellar
sternal
thoracic
POSTERIOR REGIONAL TERMS
cephalic
deltoid
gluteal
lumbar
occipital
Popliteal
scapular
vertebral
Maintaining homeostasis is essential
for life.
– Homeostasis: keeping internal
conditions relatively stable
– Know examples
HOW IS THIS PICTURE A VISUAL
REPRESENTATION OF HOMEOSTASIS?
The body regulates homeostasis by
communicating within itself,
constantly regulating the balance in
the body.
the nervous or endocrine system
maintain homeostasis
Feedback Systems
A cycle of events in which the status
of a body condition is monitored,
evaluated, changed, remonitored,
reevaluated, and so.
A disruption that changes a
controlled condition (eg temp, blood
glucose levels) is called a stimulus
Feedback systems cont.
3 components
– Receptor: a body structure that
monitors changes; sends message. EX:
nerve endings in finger tips sense temp.
change
– Control center: sets the range of values
within which a controlled condition
should be maintained, evaluates the
input it receives from receptors, and
generates output commands when they
are needed. EX: the brain
– Effector: a body structure that receives
output from the control center and
produces a response that changes the
controlled condition.
EX: body temp. drops sharply, your
brain (control center) sends nerve
impulses (output) to your skeletal
muscles (effectors). Results in
shivering to generate heat to raise
your body temp.
BIG PICTURE
HOMEOSTASIS IS REGULATED BY
FEEDBACK SYSTEMS!!!!!
Checkpoints #1-5,7 and review
figure 1.2 (p.9) for Chapter 1
_____ disrupts
homeostasis
Disruption
monitored by
___________
which send a
message
______ _____:
receives
message and
provides output
______ bring
about a change
or response that
alters the
controlled
condition
Flowchart of a feedback system
Negative Feedback Systems
Reverses a change in a controlled
condition.
– EX blood pressure returning to normal
after increasing.
Positive Feedback Systems
Strengthens or reinforces a change
in one of the body’s controlled
conditions
– EX. Normal childbirth
Negative
feedback
sys.
Positive
feedback
sys.
Reverses a change
In controlled
condition
Chemical and electrical messengers
tops as
ontrolled
ondition
Returns
To
normal
Negative
feedback
sys.
Regulate more
common
conditions
Have receptors
Control center
effectors
Start with stimulus
End with response
Reinforces a change
In a
Controlled
condition
Positive
feedback
sys.
Shut off by outs
event
Reinforce evens
That don’t
Happen
Very
often