Transcript Document
Human Body Systems Endocrine System • Gland: cells that make special chemicals • Hormone: substance made in one cell that causes change in another cell Endocrine System • Glands and cells that secrete hormones that regulate growth, development, and homeostasis • Helps regulate other systems • Sends messages to other parts of the body Nervous System • Central nervous system: (CNS) brain and spinal cord • Peripheral nervous system: (PNS) all other parts of the nervous system • Neuron: cell that receives and conducts electrical impulses • Nerve: collection of nerve fibers where impulses travel between • Brain: control of the nervous system Nervous System • Body’s central command post • Gathers and interprets information • Responds to information as needed • Controls movement • Delivers messages Urinary/Excretory • Kidney: filter water and wastes from blood, excrete urine • Nephron: unit in kidney that filters blood Urinary/Excretory • Produce, store, and eliminate urine and waste • Cleans the blood of waste products produced by all other systems Digestive System • • • • • • • • • Teeth Saliva Esophagus: connects the pharynx to the stomach Stomach: Breaks down food into a liquid Pancreas: makes digestive enzymes & hormones to regulate sugar levels Small intestine: breakdown of food, nutrients are absorbed Liver: stores & filters blood Gallbladder: stores bile Large intestine: removes water from digested food and turns it into waste Digestive System • Organs that break down food so that it can be used by the body • Provides nutrients to help all systems perform their job Respiratory System • Pharynx: passage from mouth to larynx & esophagus • Larynx: contains vocal cords and produces sound • Trachea: connects larynx to lungs • Bronchus: connects lungs with trachea • Alveoli: tiny air sacs where oxygen & CO2 are exchanged Respiratory System • Take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide • Provide oxygen to bones so they can do work • Removes carbon dioxide and water that cells produce as waste Lymphatic System • • • • • Lymph: fluid collected by vessels and nodes Lymph node: filters lymph Thymus: main gland, produces mature T cells Spleen: stores and produces lymphocytes Tonsils: defend against infection Lymphatic System • Collect extracellular fluid and return it to the blood • Works with cardiovascular to move blood and other materials throughout the body Skeletal System • Bones: 206 in human body • Compact bone: no visible spaces, rigid & dense • Spongy bone: open spaces, provides strength & support • Marrow: produce blood cells or store fat • Joint: where 2 bones meet • Cartilage: soft tissue Skeletal System • Support and protect the human body • Allow the body to move • Works with muscular system to help you move • Protects all other systems Muscular System • Skeletal muscle: allows bones to move • Smooth muscle: moves food through digestive system • Cardiac muscle: pumps blood around the body • Tendons: connective tissue • Flexor: bends your body • Extensor: straightens part of your body Muscular System • Helps the body to move and push materials through the body • Tendons connect muscle to bones • Most organs are made up of the different types of muscle Cardiovascular System • • • • Heart: large organ in cardiovascular system Arteries: carry blood away from heart Veins: carry blood to heart Capillary: tiny blood vessels that allow exchange between body cells and blood • Pulmonary circulation: blood flow from the heart to the lungs and back • Systemic circulation: blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body and back Cardiovascular System • Transport blood throughout the body • Moves oxygen and glucose around the body so cells can do work • Moves wastes so they can be disposed of