Transcript Your Skeletal System

Body Systems
Chapter 15
Chapter 15.1
THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
Your Body’s Framework
• Skeletal System – is an internal system made
up of bones, joints, and connective tissue.
• Made up of 3 parts
– Bones
– Joints
– Connective Tissues
Bones
• There are 206 Bones in the Body
• Funtions of Bones
– Allow Movement
– Provide Support
– Protect other parts of your body
– Form new blood cells
– Store minerals
Joints
• Joints – the points at which bones meet.
• Types of Joints
– Hinge Joints – move in one direction only
– Gliding Joints – enable bones to slide over one
another.
– Pivot Joint – moves from side to side and up and
down and allows for limited rotation.
– Ball and socket joint – move in all direction,
allowing rotation.
Connective Tissues
• Cartilage – Strong, flexible tissue that provides
cushioning at your joints.
• Ligaments – Strong cords of tissue that
connect the bones in each joint.
• Tendons – Tough bands of tissue that attach
your muscles to bones.
Problems of the Skeletal System
• Fracture – a break in a bone caused by an
injury.
• Dislocation – Occurs when a bone is pushed
out of its joint.
• Sprain – stretching of twisting of ligaments in
a joint
• Osteoarthritis – a breakdown of cartilage that
causes swelling and stiffness of joints.
Problems Continued…
• Scoliosis – a sideways curvature of the spine.
• Osteoporosis – a condition characterized by
brittle and porous bones.
Chapter 15.2
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Muscular System
• Your muscular system is the group of
structures that make your body parts move.
• Muscles are all throughout your body.
• Muscles are located in your intestines, heart,
and on your skeletal system.
Types of Muscle Tissue
• Skeletal muscles – muscle attached to bones
that enables you to move your body.
• Smooth muscle – muscle found in organs and
in blood vessels and glands.
• Cardiac muscle – muscle only found in the
walls of your heart.
Muscles of the Body
Problems with the Muscular System
• Pulled of torn muscle – Muscle has been torn
away from the bone or has been damaged
within itself.
• Muscle strain – any type of soreness that
develops in a muscle because of overuse.
Caused by small tears in the muscle.
• Cramped muscle – muscle remains contracted
rather than extending. Usually a sign of
dehydration.
Chapter 15.3
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
What is the Circulatory System?
• The Circulatory
System consists of
organs and tissues
that transport
essential materials to
body cells and
remove their waste
products.
Blood
• Plasma – made up of 92% water. Transports
blood solids, nutrients, hormones, and other
minerals.
• Red blood cells – carry oxygen to cells and
carbon dioxide away from them.
• White blood cells – help fight disease and
infection.
• Platelets – help blood form a clot at the site of
a wound.
Problems of the Circulatory System
• Hypertension – a condition in which blood
pressure is consistently higher than normal.
• Stroke – usually results from blood clots that
block vessels in the brain.
• Heart Attack – is blockage of the flow of blood
to the heart.
• Arteriosclerosis – a condition in which arteries
harden.
Care of the Circulatory System
•
•
•
•
Limit fat in your food
Get regular exercise
Avoid tobacco
Manage stress
Chapter 15.4
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
What is the Respiratory System?
• The organs that provide the body with a
continuous supply of oxygen and rid the body of
carbon dioxide.
Problems with the Respiratory System
• Influenza – colds caused by viruses
• Bronchitis – Swelling of the bronchi
• Allergies – immune responses to foreign
substances
• Asthma – inflammatory disease that causes
the bronchi to become blocked or narrowed
• Pnumonia – lung infection caused by viruses
or bacteria
• Emphysema – disease in which the alveoli are
damaged or destroyed
• Tuberculosis – bacterial lung infection that
causes a dry cough in early stages.
• Lung Cancer – a disease in which tissues of the
lung are destroyed by the growth of a tumor.
Care of the Respiratory System
•
•
•
•
Stay active
Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke
Avoid polluted air
Reduce your risk of respiratory infection
Chapter 15.4
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
What is the Nervous System?
• There are 2 parts
– The Central Nervous System
• The brain and the spinal cord
– The Peripheral Nervous System
• The nerves that connect the CNS to all parts of the
body.
The Nervous System and the Brain
What are neurons?
• Neurons are specialized cells that make up the
nervous system.
Problems with the Nervous System
• Head injury – Usually caused by a blow to the
head
• Spinal cord injury
• Nerve inflammation
Chapter 15.6
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
What is the Digestive System
• The digestive system is an organ system that
converts food to a form useful to the body.
• Digestion is the changing of food you eat into
substances the body can use.
The Digestive System
Parts of the Digestive System
• Small Intestine – a coiled, tubelike organ that is
about 20 feet long.
• Large Intestine – transports waste out of the
body and absorbs water from the waste before it
leaves.
• Liver – large gland that has many digestive
functions.
• Gallbladder – small, saclike organ that stores bile
• Pancreas – an organ that produces enzymes that
assist in digestion.
Problems with the Digestive System
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Indigestion
Diarrhea
Ulcers
Cirrhosis
Gallstones
Kidney Stones
Appendicitis
Hemorrhoids
Colon Cancer
Care of the Digestive System
•
•
•
•
•
•
Eat a variety of food
Eat complete meals
Do not rush your meals
Chew food thoroughly
Drink plenty of water
See your dentist regularly
Chapter 15.7
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
What is the Endocrine System?
• A chemical communication system that
regulates many body functions.
• It is made up of glands.
– A Gland is a group of cells, or an organ, that
secretes a chemical substance.
Some of the Organs in the Endocrine
System
Problems of the Endocrine System
•
•
•
•
Diabetes
Overactive Thyroid
Underactive Thyroid
Growth Extremes
Caring for the Endocrine System
•
•
•
•
•
Eat balanced meals
Get enough sleep
Engage in regular physical activity
Keep things in perspective
Have regular medical checkups