Transcript How can your immune system malfunction?

Aim: How can the immune
system malfunction?
How can your immune system
malfunction?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Allergies
Autoimmune Disease
HIV
Organ Transplants
What is an allergy?
• An allergy is a rapid
immune system reaction
to normally harmless
substances
• Can you think of
materials that can cause
allergic reactions?
What are things that cause allergies?
Allergens
LACTOSE
PEANUTS
BEE POLLEN
RAGWEED
HOUSE DUST
MOLD
GLUTTEN
What happens during an Allergic
reaction?
• The allergen will bind to
receptors on WBC’s
stimulating the production
of histamines.
• Histamines are chemical
that call trigger an
inflammatory response
• May experience wheezing,
hives, nausea, or shock
• What can we take for
ANTIHISTAMINES!
allergies?
Autoimmune disease
•Disease characterized by a person’s
immune system mistakenly attacks itself
•The immune system may target the cells,
tissues, and organs of a person's own
body.
Examples of Autoimmune
diseases
Diabetes is a disease, which
prevents the body from properly
using food energy.
In MS, the immune system
attacks the protective
coating around nerves, called
myelin.
How can we contract HIV?
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Sexual intercourse
Blood transfusion
Passed through the placenta
Open wound
Sharing needles - drugs
What is HIV?
• It is a virus that attacks
our immune system.
• How does our body
know this is an
enemy?
ANTIGEN
What part of our immune system
does it attack?
HIV attacks special WBC’s called T
Helper Cells
White blood cells
Do you die from HIV?
• No, you don’t die from the HIV
infection, rather you die from the
diseases/infections you get because
your body can’t defend itself. (ex:
pneumonia)
• These infections are called
OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS.
Why are organ transplants difficult?
• The cells of the
donated organ will
display the donor’s
protein ID tags on
ANTIGENS!
all of the cells
• What are these ID
tags called?
How will the recipient react?
• If a transplanted organ is recognized as
foreign, it will be attacked by the immune
system of the recipient
• This is calls REJECTION
How do doctors reduce the
chance of rejection?
• Using donors with very similar antigens to
the recipient
• Immunosuppressant Drugs
What is the risk of suppressing
the immune system?
It increases the patient’s risk for
an infection.