Transcript additional Immunity slides

3. Types of tissue
a.
Muscle
1) controls the internal movement of materials
such as blood
2) controls the external movements of the entire
body
b.
Epithelial
1) cover the surface of the body (skin) and line
internal organs
2) Provides a barrier & prevents leakage
c.
Connective
1) holds organs in place and binds different parts
of the body together.
2) Ex: tendons connect bones to muscles and
ligaments join bones to bones
d.
Nervous
1) receives messages from the body’s external
and internal environments, analyzes the data,
and directs the response
4. Transplants
a. T cells make organ transplants difficult
b. When an organ is transplanted, your
immune system recognizes as “foreign” (as
an antigen) and attacks it  organ rejection
c. To prevent organ rejection, doctors search
for a donor whose cell markers are almost
identical to the patient who needs the organ
IV. Immune System Disorders
A. Allergies
1. Overreaction of the immune system to allergens (ex:
pollen, dust balls, dust mites)
2. Allergens attach to cells that release histamines which
increase blood flow and fluids
a. result  sneezing, running nose, watery eyes
B. Asthma
1. Chronic respiratory disease in which air
passages have become narrower than
normal
2. Wheezing, coughing, & difficulty breathing
3. Triggered by infections, exercise, emotional
stress, or environmental conditions
C. Autoimmune Diseases
1. The immune system makes a mistake and
attacks the body’s own cells
2. Ex: type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis
3. Treatment – medications, ex: insulin shots
for type I diabetes
More than 25 million people have died of AIDS since
1981.
Africa has 12 million AIDS orphans.
By December 2005, women accounted for 46% of all
adults living with HIV worldwide, and for 57% in subSaharan Africa.
Young people (15-24 years old) account for half of all
new HIV infections worldwide - more than 6,000
become infected with HIV every day.
Of the 6.5 million people in developing and
transitional countries who need life-saving AIDS drugs,
only 1 million are receiving them.
V. Environment & Health
A. Air and water quality, poisonous wastes in
landfills, and exposure to solar radiation affect
your health
B. Air Quality
1. Carbon Monoxide – CO, odorless gas produced when
compounds are burned
a. Found in automobile exhaust, cigarette smoke, furnaces
2. Ozone – O3 is near ground level when air is stagnant
3. Airborne particles – allergens, lead, asbestos
C. Water Quality
1. Biological pollutants, such as animal wastes, contain
bacteria & viruses
2. Chemical pollutants can cause organ or DNA damage
D. Bioterrorism
1. International use of biological agents to disable or kill
individuals
2. Release of infectious agents (ex: anthrax) or spread of
toxic compounds (ex: botulinus toxin)
E. Cancer
1. Cells multiply uncontrollably and destroy
healthy tissue
2. Causes of Cancer
a. Inherited, caused by viruses, or mutations in DNA
caused by chemicals or radiation
b. Carcinogen – an agent that triggers mutations of
DNA in normal cells causing cancer
1) Cigarette smoke is responsible for ½ the cancers in the
U.S.!
2) Radiation – sunlight, X-rays, & nuclear radiation that
cause mutations in DNA
3. Treating Cancer
a. Surgery, radiation therapy, drug therapy
4. Preventing cancer
a. early detection has higher successful treatment rates
b. regular checkups with your doctor and self examination for
skin, breast, or testicular cancer
c. protect your body from agents that cause cancer
d. eat fruits, vegetables, whole grains