Hematology - science4warriors
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Transcript Hematology - science4warriors
Blood
Chapter
Hematology
The Study of Blood and Blood-Forming
Organs
Includes study of blood disorders:
Red blood cell disorders
White blood cell disorders
Platelet disorders
Coagulation problems
Components of Blood
RBCs, WBCs, Platelets and Plasma
Plasma
Plasma
Plasma
Water
90–92% by volume
Proteins
Albumins: thicken the
blood
Globulins: antibodies
Fibrinogen: clotting
factors
Serum – plasma
minus its clotting
factors, RBC’s, and
WBC’s
Plasma
What does plasma do?
Acts as the primary
means of transport
Plays a role in clotting
Acts a buffer
Provides a source of
energy
Red Blood Cells
(Erythrocytes)
Red Blood Cells
Hemoglobin
Oxygen affinity
Circular shape with an
indention – helps make more
surface area
Transport oxygen and
carbon dioxide
Hemoglobin (red pigment
oxyhemoglobin carries oxygen
out to the cells of the body
also carries a small portion of
carbon dioxide
White blood cells
(leukocytes)
White Blood Cells
Provide defense-
White Blood Cells
White Blood Cell
Catagories:
1.
Granulocytes
Basophil
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
2.
Lymphocytes
3.
Monocytes
White Blood Cells
Immunity
Subpopulation of lymphocytes known as T cells
and B cells
T cells develop cellular immunity.
B cells produce humoral immunity.
Immune Response
Platelets
(thrombocyte)
Damaged cells release certain clotting factors
into the plasma – forming prothrombin
activator
Platelets become sticky at the point of injury
and soon accumulate near the opening in the
broken blood vessel, forming a soft,
temporary platelet plug
Prothrombin converts to thrombin which
reacts with fibrinogen to form a fibrous gel
called fibrin – looks like a tangle of fine
threads that catch RBC’s
Hemostasis
The combined 3 mechanisms that work to
prevent or control blood loss.
Hemostasis
Controlling Blood Loss
Vascular spasms
Platelet plugs
Stable fibrin blood clots
Hemostasis
Hemostasis
Fibrinolysis
Thrombosis
Fibrinolytics
In your squads, discuss how medications
affect clot formation.
Lab Work
Blood Collection and Values
Lab Work
Purple Top
CBC- Complete Blood Count
Used for Hematology:
RBC: 3.8-5.6 M/uL
WBC: 3.8-11 K/mm3
Neutrophils: 50-81%
Bands: 1-5%
Lymphocytes: 1444%
Monocytes: 2-6%
Eosinophils: 1-5%
Basophils: 0-1%
Purple Top
CBC- Complete Blood Count
Hbg (hemaglobin): 11-18 g/dL
Hct (hematocrit): 34-54%
Platelets: 150-450x10-3/dL
CBCs
In your squad, discuss what you have
learned about CBCs.
Blood Typing
Blood Products and Blood Typing
Blood Types
Antigens
A, B, AB, O
Universal donors
Universal recipients
Rh factor
Diseases of the Red
Blood Cells
Anemias
Sickle Cell Disease
Polycythemia
Diseases of the Red
Blood Cells
Anemias
Anemia is a sign, not a separate disease
process.
Signs and symptoms may not be present until the
body is stressed.
Differentiate chronic anemia from acute episode.
Diseases of the Red
Blood Cells
Sickle Cell Disease
Sickle cell crises
Diseases of the Red
Blood Cells
Polycythemia
Overproduction of
erythrocytes
Occurs in patients >50
years old or with
secondary
dehydration.
Results in bleeding
abnormalities
Diseases of the White
Blood Cells
Leukopenia/Neutropenia
Leukocytosis
Leukemia
Lymphomas
Diseases of the White
Blood Cells
Leukopenia/Neutropenia
Too few white blood cells or neutrophils.
Leukocytosis
An increase in the number of circulating white
blood cells, often due to infection.
Diseases of the White
Blood Cells
Leukemia
Cancer of hematopoietic cells
Initial presentation
Acutely ill, fatigued, febrile and weak, anemic
Often have a secondary infection
Diseases of the White
Blood Cells
Lymphomas
Cancers of the lymphatic system
Presentation
Swelling of the lymph nodes
Fever, night sweats, anorexia, weight loss,
fatigue, and pururitis
Diseases of the Platelets
Thrombocytosis
An abnormal increase
in the number of
platelets
Thrombocytopenia
An abnormal
decrease in the
number of platelets
Blood Clotting Abnormalities
Hemophilia