Transcript Blood, Blood, and more Blood

Unit 7
Considered a
tissue because of
all the different
cells
Has 3 main
functions:
Transport
Regulation
Protection
Oxygen/Carbon
Dioxide to and
fro cells
Nutrients to cells
Waste from cells
Hormones from
glands to cells
Heat
What
does it
transport?
pH
Temperature
Salt Balance
Water Content
What does
is regulate?
Clotting (loss of
blood)
Combatting
toxins
What does it
protect?
Blood Stats
Made in bone marrow
7% of your body weight
Lives approx. 120 days
Has 4 components
Plasma = Clear/yellow
liquid
Erythrocyte = RBC
Leukocyte = WBC
Thrombocyte = Platelets
Bone Marrow-Overall View
Plasma:
Clear to yellow liquid
Acts as the “vehicle”
the cells travel in
(dilute solution of
hormones, sugar,
amino acids, fat, urea,
platelets, and salts)
Made of mostly water
DID YOU KNOW:
Makes up
cerebrospinal fluid,
clear fluid in a blister,
and leaking fluid from
a scab!!!
Blood
Components
Where do the products
carried by the plasma
come from and go??
RBC = Red Blood
Cell, 96% of blood
Shape- Biconcave
Disc
Function- Carry O2
from lung to tissue
and CO2 from tissue
to lungs
Contains
*hemoglobin
Protein molecule in
red blood cells that
binds to oxygen
and carbon dioxide
Low levels can be
caused by
pregnancy, blood
loss, cancer, and
anemia
Symptoms =
fatigue, weakness,
pale skin, brittle
nails
WBC {White Blood Cell}
(3%):
Large, blue to purple cells
Fight disease/”intruders”,
6 kinds--(Neutrophil most
common, 55%, kills
bacteria and becomes pus
and dies)
Platelets (1%)
Tiny cells
fragments
Aid in clotting
(internal and
external)
RBC
WBC
Platelets
BLOOD TYPES
Blood Type
1901 - Austrian Karl
Landsteiner discovered human
blood groups. Before this time,
blood transfusions were
performed, but doctors did not
understand why patients would
die.
Blood Typing Genetics Review
• Blood Type is Controlled by 3 Alleles: A, B, O
-A and B are Co-Dominant (meaning??)
-O is recessive
Blood Typing Basics
• Antigen: Protein on the surface
of the red blood cell, gives blood
type identity.
• There are 3 total: A, B, Rh





A is present = A
B is present=B
Both A and B present = AB
None Present= O
Rh= + or -
Rh Factor
o While studying Rhesus monkeys, a certain
blood protein was discovered. This protein is
also present in the blood of some people.
Other people, however, do not have the
protein.
o The presence of the protein, or lack of it, is
referred to as the Rh (for Rhesus) factor.
o If your blood does contain the protein, your
blood is said to be Rh positive (Rh+).
o If your blood does not contain the protein,
your blood is said to be Rh negative (Rh-).
A+ AB+ BAB+
ABO+ O-
Antigen Combinations
Blood Typing Basics
• Antibodies: Proteins found freefloating in the bloodstream, will attack
antigens on the RBC
• There are 3 antibodies:
Anti-A- attack ___
Anti-B- attack ___
Anti-Rh- attack____
A blood transfusion is a procedure in which blood is
given to a patient through an intravenous (IV) line in one of the
blood vessels. Blood transfusions are done to replace blood lost
during surgery or a serious injury. A transfusion also may be done
if a person’s body can't make blood properly because of an illness.
Who can give you blood?
o People with TYPE O blood
are called Universal
Donors, because they can
give blood to any blood type.
o People with TYPE AB
blood are called Universal
Recipients, because they can
receive any blood type.
Rh +  Can receive + or Rh -  Can only receive -
Universal Donor
Universal Recipient
Blood Testing and Transfusions
- AGGLUTINATION (the clumping of red blood cells
following a transfusion reaction; likely fatal
- Antigens and Antibodies Combine Causing a
Clot/Clump
Facts About Blood Need
Every two seconds someone in the U.S. needs blood.
More than 41,000 blood donations are needed every day.
A total of 30 million blood components are transfused each
year in the U.S.
The average red blood cell transfusion is approximately 3
pints.
The blood type most often requested by hospitals is Type O.
The blood used in an emergency is already on the shelves
before the event occurs.
Sickle cell disease affects more than 70,000 people in the
U.S. About 1,000 babies are born with the disease each year.
Sickle cell patients can require frequent blood transfusions
throughout their lives.
More than 1.6 million people were diagnosed with cancer
last year. Many of them will need blood, sometimes daily,
during their chemotherapy treatment.
A single car accident victim can require as many as 100 pints
of blood.
Facts About Blood Supply
The number of blood donations collected in the U.S. in a
year: 15.7 million
The number of blood donors in the U.S. in a year: 9.2
million
Although an estimated 38% of the U.S. population is
eligible to donate, less than 10% actually do each year.
Blood cannot be manufactured – it can only come from
generous donors.
Type O-negative blood (red cells) can be transfused to
patients of all blood types. It is always in great demand
and often in short supply.
Type AB-positive plasma can be transfused to patients of
all other blood types. AB plasma is also usually in short
supply.