Transcript Textbook PowerPoint

Ch. 14
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Therapies
1. Insight Therapies
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A. Psychoanalysis
Free association
 Talk about whatever comes to mind
 Transference
 Client’s feelings about authority figures
transferred to therapist
 Insight
 Awareness of what was unconscious
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B. Client-Centered Therapy
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C. Gestalt Therapy
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Carl Rogers
Heal through unconditional positive regard
Nondirectional
Focuses on wholeness
Here-and-now
Help people become aware of what they have been
ignoring
D. Recent Developments
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Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy
Contemporary insight therapists are more active than traditional
psychoanalysts, giving clients direct guidance and feedback. They are also
more focused on clients' immediate problems than on their childhood traumas.
An especially significant development is the trend to short-term
psychodynamic psychotherapy, which recognizes that most people can be
successfully treated within a time-limited framework.
2. Behavior Therapies
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A. Using Classical Conditioning Techniques
Systematic desensitization
 Gradually associating relaxation with what was
feared
 Extinction
 Ending of old fears or reactions
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Flooding
 Full-intensity exposure to feared object
 Aversive conditioning
 Eliminate undesirable behavior by associating
it with pain
 Phobia Treatment Movie
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B. Operant conditioning
 Behavior contracting
 Token economy
C. Modeling
 A person learns new behaviors by watching
others
3. Cognitive Therapies
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A. Stress-Inoculation Therapy
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B. Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET)
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Self-talk of positive coping
Changing irrational beliefs
C. Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
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Good treatment for depression
Change from self-critical patterns
4. Group Therapies
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A. Self-Help Group
B. Family Therapy
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C. Couple Therapy
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Treatment within the system
Deal with the relationship
Mood Treatment Movie
5. Effectiveness of Psychotherapy
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A. Does Psychotherapy Work?
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Psychotherapy helps about 2/3rd of people treated
B. Which Type of Therapy is Best for Which
Disorder?
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Theory works best for minor problems
Type of therapy less important
Match problem with therapy
6. Biological Treatments
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A. Drug Therapies
Antipsychotic drugs
 Used for schizophrenia or psychosis
 Block dopamine receptors in the brain
 Phenothiazines (Thorazine)
 Schizophrenia Movie #1
 Schizophrenia Movie #2
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Antidepressant drugs
 Tricyclics - dry mouth, dizzy
 MAO inhibitors- must be on special diet
 Prozac best-selling of all meds- works on serotonin
Lithium
 Bipolar or manic depression
Other medications
 Psychostimulants
 Antianxiety medications (Valium)
GABA Movie
SSRI Movie
 Click here to view the Major Types of Psychoactive
Medications table
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B. Electroconvulsive Therapy
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Shock therapy
 Used for severe depression
 Brief convulsion, temporary loss of consciousness
 Unilateral produces less memory problems
C. Psychosurgery
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Brain surgery to change behavior or emotions
Rarely done today
7. Institutionalization and Its
Alternatives
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A. Deinstitutionalization
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Released into community
10-47% of homeless are mentally ill
B. Alternative forms of treatment (many)
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Half-way houses
Family-crisis interventions
Day-care
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C. Prevention
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Primary
 Improve environment to prevent development
 Family planning
 Genetic counseling
Secondary prevention
 Interventions with high risk groups (e.g. suicide
hot-line)
Tertiary - help people adjust after released from
hospital (prevent relapse)
8. Gender Differences in Treatment
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More women admit problems and go to therapy
“Male treatment”
Women take more medication
9. Cultural Difference in Treatment
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Eye contact and body language varies
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in refugees
Test results vary