Transcript Document
Therapy liudexiang Overview • • • • Insight therapies Behavior therapies Cognitive therapies Group therapies Insight therapies • Psychoanalysis • Client-Centered therapy • Gestalt therapy • Psychotherapy :The use of psychological techniques to treat personality and behavior disorders. Insight therapies • A variety of individual psychotherapies designed to give people a better awareness and understanding of their feelings, motivations, and actions in the hope that this will help them to adjust. Psychoanalysis • The theory of personality Freud developed as well as the form of therapy he invented. Free association • A psychoanalytic technique that encourages the person to talk without inhibition about whatever thoughts or fantasies come to mind. Thansference • The clent’s carrying over to the analyst feelings held toward childhood authority figures. Insight • Awareness of previously unconscious feelings and memories and how they influence present feelins and behavior. Client-centered therapies • Nondirectional form of therapy developed by Carl Rogers that calls for unconditional positive regard of the client by the therapist with the goal of helping the client become fully functioning. Gestalt therapy • An insight therapy that emphasizes the wholeness of the personality and attempts to reawaken people to their emotions and sensations in the present. Short-term psychodynamic therapy • Insight therapy that is time limited and focused on trying to help clients correct the immediate problems in their lives. Behavior therapies • Therapeutic approaches that are based on the belief that all behavior, nomal and abnomal, is learned, and that the objective of therapy is to teach people new, more satisfying ways of behaving. Systematic desensitization • A behavioral technique for reducing a person’s fear and anxiety by gradually associating a new response with stimuli that have been causing the fear and anxiety. Aversive conditioning • Behavioral therapy techniques aimed at eliminating undesirable behavior patterns by teaching the person to associate them with pain and discomfort. Behavior contracting • Form of operant conditioning therapy in which the client and therapist set behavioral goals and agree on reinforcements that the client will receive on reaching those goals. Token economy • An operant conditioning therapy in which people earn tokens for desired behaviors and exchange them for desired items or privileges. Modeling • A behavior therapy in which the person learns desired behaviors by wathching others perform those behaviors. Cognitive therapies • Psychootherapies that emphasize changing clients’ perceptions of their life situation as a way of modifying their behavior. Stress-inoculation therapy • A type of cognitive therapy that trains clients to cope with stressful situations by learning a more useful pattern of self-talk. Rational-emotional therapy • A directive cognitive therapy based on the idea that clients’ psychological distress is caused by irrational and self-defeating beliefs and that the therapist’s job is to chanllenge such dysfunctional beliefs. Cognitve therapy • Therapy that depends on identifying and changing inappropriately nagative and self-critical patterns of thought. Group therapy • Type of psychotherapy in which clents meet regularly to interact and help one another achieve insight their feelings and behavior. Family therapy • A form of group therapy that sees the family as at least partly responsible for the individual’s problems and that seeks to change all family member’s behaviors to the benefit of the family unit as well as the troubled in dividual. Couple therapy • A form of group therapy intended to help troubled partners improve their problems of communication and interaction. Eclecticism • Psychotherapeutic approach that recognizes the value of a broad treatment package over a rigid commitment to one particular form of therapy. Biological treatment • A group of approaches, including medication, electroconvulsive therapy, and psychosurgery, that are sometimes used to treat psychological disorders in conjunction with, or instead of, psychotherapy. Antipsychotic drugs • Drugs used to treat very severe psychological disorders, particularly schizophrenia. Electroconvulsive therapy • Biological therapy in which a mild electrical current is passed through the brain for a short period, often producing convulsions and temporary coma; used to treat severe, prolonged depression. Psychosurgery • Brain surgery performed to change a person’s behavior and emotional state; a biological therapy rarely used today. The End