Transcript Treatment! - CYPA Psychology

Treatment!
How to Get Better!
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What Kinds of Treatment Are
There?
S What do you think?
Why People Cannot or Will Not
Seek Treatment
S Problems
S Only 30% receive appropriate treatment for
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problems
People don’t believe disorders need to be treated
Think mental illness is a sign of weakness
Guilt for taking the spot of someone else who
“really” needs treatment
Waiting lists
Men less likely to seek treatment
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“Stigma”
Approaches to Treatment
S Psychotherapy
S Treatment in which a client interacts with
a psychotherapist
S Medical or biological treatments
S Treatment in which a mental disorder is
treated with drugs or surgery
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Sometimes both!
Psychotherapy
S Psychotherapy
S A patient interacts with a psychotherapist with the goal of
supplying support or relief of a mental problem
S Eclectic therapy
S Drawing on techniques from different forms of therapy,
depending on the client and problem
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E.g. a mix of humanistic, behavioral, and psychoanalytic therapies
might be used to help a patient get over a fear of flying in planes
Types of Psychotherapy
S Psychodynamic Therapy (Psychoanalysis)
S Explores childhood events and encourages individuals to use
this understanding to develop insight into their psychological
problems
S Develop insight into unconscious memories, impulses,
wishes, and conflicts that are assumed to underlie these
problems
Psychodynamic Therapy
(Psychoanalysis)
S Characteristic Practices
S Roots in hypnosis
S Free Association
S Dream Analysis
S Transference
S Interpretation of parapraxes
S Problems
S Traumatic even might NOT be the basis of unconscious conflicts
S Analyst might interpret resistance as a confirmation when it’s just
wrong
Behavioral & Cognitive
Therapies
S Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence
S Reducing Unwanted Emotional Responses
S Exposure Therapy
S Systematic desensitization (imagination)
S Promoting desired behaviors
S Token economy (providing material rewards)
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Overjustification
If rewards continue…
S Behavioral Therapy
S Disordered behavior is learned and symptom relief is achieved through
changing overt maladaptive behaviors into more constructive behaviors
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Eliminate unwanted behavior
Extinguish associations or form them (classical conditioning)
Cognitive Therapy
S Emphasizes the meaning of an event, individual’s beliefs and assumptions
about events and feared stimuli
S Therapist helps client discover errors in thinking by using pointed questions
to guide the client’s discovery OR actively pointing out flaws in thinking to
the client
S Cognitive restructuring
S Pinpointing irrational, ineffective thoughts/belief
S Teaching clients to question the automatic beliefs, assumptions, and
predictions that often lead to negative emotions and to replace negative
thinking with more realistic positive beliefs
S Mindfulness Meditation
S Teaches an individuals to be fully present in each moment; to be aware his or
her thoughts, feelings, and sensations, and to detect symptoms before they
become a problem
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
S CBT
S Problem focus: therapy undertaken for
specific problems
S Action oriented: tries to solve problems by
encourages the client to act
S Specific strategies to help meet these goals,
expressed to patient (unlike
psychoanalysis)
S Resembles school: homework!
Humanistic and Existential
Therapies
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Person-Centered Therapy
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Assume that human nature is generally positive, emphasize natural tendency of each
individual to strive for personal improvement
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Nondirective treatment
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Therapist tends not to offer advice or suggestions, mirrors patient’s speech
Congruence
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Openness and honesty, communicating same message on all levels
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Body language!
Empathy
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Client determines his/her own goals
Continuous process of trying to understand client’s feelings, thoughts, internal world
Unconditional Positive Regard
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Nonjudgmental warm, and accepting environment
Existential (Gestalt) Therapy
S Has the goal of helping the client become aware of
his or her thoughts, behaviors, experiences, and
feelings and to “own” or take responsibility for
them
S Focusing: shifting attention to the client’s current
experience
S Empty Chair Technique: client images that another
person is in an empty chair, sitting directly across
from the client; client moves from hair to chair
roleplaying
Group Therapy
S Group Therapy
S People live in a world of PEOPLE, some
need to be cured in such a setting
S Downsides?
S Economics?
S Couples Therapy
S Aimed at resolving issues between pairs of
people (married or not) and creating positive
patterns of behavior
S Diathesis Model…or couples behavior??
S Family Therapy
S Sees disorders as symptoms of FAMILY
syndromes rather than internal problems
Self-Help & Support Groups
S Not the same as therapy, not run by a therapist but
by peers
S People may become oversensitized to “symptoms”
S Iatrogenic illness
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Disorder or symptom that occurs as a result of a
medical or psychotherapeutic treatment itself
S Alcoholics Anonymous
S Members taught to give themselves up to a “higher
power”
S Taught that abstinence is the only solution
S Taught that alcoholism is a chronic disease
Medication
S Noninvasive way of treating symptoms
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S May not address underlying
PSYCHOLOGICAL problem
S May not be more effective than therapy
S May have side effects
S May lead to dependence/withdrawal
Physical-Biological Treatment
S Electroconvulsive Therapy
S Applies shock to the scalp, causes
seizure, sometimes improves depression
S Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
S Noninvasive alternative to ECT
S Phototherapy
S Used to cure SAD
S Lobotomy
Treatment Illusions
S Nonspecific treatment effects
S Meeting a nice doctor
S Staying away from alcohol
S Natural Improvement
S Getting better anyway
S Regression to the mean
S Reconstructive memory
S Symptoms are remembered as WAY worse
than reality
Treatment Studies
S Outcome Studies
S Designed to evaluate WHETHER a particular
treatment works, of ten in relation to some other
treatment or a control condition
S Self-reported moods of depressed people before
and after treatment
S Process studies
S Answer questions regarding WHY a treatment
works or under what circumstances a treatment
works
S Are particular parts of a treatment more effective
than others? Is a treatment for depression more
effective for certain clients than others?