Transcript Methods of Therapy

Mr. Koch
Psychology
Andover High School
Psychotherapy

What?
 a variety of treatment
techniques that aim to
help a person identify
and change troubling
emotions, thoughts, and
behaviors
 (also called “talk therapy”)

Why?
 to help treat a
psychological disorder
 to help deal with severe
or long-term stress or
other problems

Who?
○ Doctors:
 Psychiatrist (M.D. & residency)
 Clinical Psychologist (PhD, PsyD)
○ Masters Degrees:
 Psychiatric social worker
 Counseling psychologist
Types of Psychotherapy
Abreaction therapy
Acceptance and commitment therapy
(ACT)
Adlerian therapy
Adventure therapy
Analytical psychology
Art therapy
Attack therapy
Attachment-based psychotherapy
Attachment-based therapy (children)
Attachment therapy
Autogenic training
Behavior modification
Behavior therapy
Biodynamic psychotherapy
Bioenergetic analysis
Biofeedback
Body psychotherapy
Brief psychotherapy
Classical Adlerian psychotherapy
Chess therapy
Child psychotherapy
Client-centered psychotherapy
Co-counselling
Cognitive analytic therapy
Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
Coherence therapy
Collaborative therapy
Compassion focused therapy (CFT)
Concentrative movement therapy
Contemplative psychotherapy
Conversational model
Conversion therapy
Core process psychotherapy
Dance therapy
Depth psychology
Daseinsanalysis
Developmental Needs Meeting Strategy
(DNMS)
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
Drama therapy
Interpersonal psychotherapy
Dreamwork
Jungian psychotherapy
Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy
Logotherapy
(DDP)
Marriage counseling
Ecological counseling
Milieu therapy
Emotionally focused therapy (EFT)
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT)
Mindfulness-based stress reduction
Encounter groups
Mentalization-based treatment
Eye movement desensitization and
Method of Levels (MOL)
reprocessing
Mode Deactivation Therapy (MDT)
Existential therapy
Morita therapy
Exposure and response prevention
Motivational interviewing
Expressive therapy
Multimodal therapy
Family Constellations
Multitheoretical psychotherapy
Family therapy
Music therapy
Feminist therapy
Narrative therapy
Focusing
Nonviolent Communication
Freudian psychotherapy
Nude psychotherapy
Functional analytic psychotherapy (FAP) Object relations psychotherapy
Future-oriented therapy
Ontological hermeneutics
Gestalt therapy
Orthodox psychotherapy
Gestalt theoretical psychotherapy
Parent–child interaction therapy
Group analysis
Parent management training
Group therapy
Pastoral counseling
Guided affective imagery
Person-centered therapy
Hakomi
Play therapy
Holistic psychotherapy
Positive psychology
Holotropic Breathwork
Positive psychotherapy
Holding therapy
Postural Integration
Humanistic psychology
Primal therapy
Human Givens
Primal Integration
Hypnotherapy
Process oriented psychology
Inner Relationship Focusing
Process psychology
Integrative body psychotherapy
Prolonged exposure therapy
Integral psychotherapy
Provocative therapy
Integrative psychotherapy
Psychedelic therapy
Intensive short-term dynamic
Psychoanalysis
psychotherapy
Psychodrama
Internal Family Systems Model
Psychodynamic psychotherapy
Interpersonal psychoanalysis
Psychosynthesis
Eclectic – uses a variety of techniques
Pulsing
Rational emotive behavior therapy
(REBT)
Rational living therapy (RLT)
Reality therapy
Rebirthing-breathwork
Recovered-memory therapy
Re-evaluation Counseling
Reichian psychotherapy
Relationship counseling
Relational-cultural therapy
Remote therapy
Reprogramming
Rogerian psychotherapy
Sandplay Therapy
Schema Therapy
Self-relations Psychotherapy
Sensorimotor psychotherapy
Sexual Identity Therapy
Sex therapy
Social Therapy
Solution focused brief therapy
Somatic Experiencing
Somatic psychology
Status dynamic psychotherapy
Supportive psychotherapy
Systematic desensitization
Systemic Constellations
Systemic therapy
T-groups
Therapeutic community
Thought Field Therapy
Transactional analysis
Transference focused psychotherapy
Transpersonal psychology
Transtheoretical model (TTM or "stages
of change")
Twelve-step programs
Vegetotherapy
Wilderness therapy
Psychoanalysis

Based on work of Sigmund Freud

Basic assumption:
 illness is the result of
unresolved unconscious
childhood conflicts

Goal:
 to bring the repressed,
unconscious conflicts into the
conscious mind
 provide insight to origin of
problems so patient can work
through
Psychoanalysis

Techniques:
 Free association
○ Resistance
○ Interpretation
 Dream interpretation
○ Latent content
 Transference
Psychoanalytic Therapy
Psychodynamic Therapies

Very few Freudian psychoanalysts left

Forms of “short-term
psychodynamic therapy” more
common now
○ often involves less time and money
○ Still focus on childhood, unconscious
drives, and unresolved conflicts

“Interpersonal psychotherapy”
○ Focus on current relationships and
social/interpersonal skills
Humanistic Therapies

Basic Assumption:
 problems come from blocked
growth, but individuals have
capacity for growth within selves

Goal:
 provide conditions that promote
growth and self-fulfillment
○ focus on present/future and
conscious thought
Humanistic Therapies

“Client-Centered Therapy”
(Carl Rogers)
 “Nondirective” techniques
 Attitudes of Therapist:
○ Unconditional Positive Regard
(Acceptance)
○ Empathy
○ Genuineness (Congruence)
 “Active Listening”
 echoing feelings
 restating
 clarifying
Client-Centered Therapy
Behavior Therapies

Basic Assumption:
 Disorders are learned
behaviors
○ Emphasizes the behavior
itself – does not look for
underlying causes

Goal:
 Use principles of learning
(classical/operant
conditioning) to alter
behaviors
Behavior Therapies

Systematic Desensitization
○ A form of counterconditioning
(uses classical conditioning techniques)
 2 opposite reactions cannot
exist at same time (relaxation
& anxiety)
○ Gradually learn to associate
relaxation with anxietyprovoking stimuli
 Virtual reality exposure therapy can
take this a step further
Behavior Therapies

Flooding (“Implosive”)
Therapy
 Immerse person in
anxiety-provoking
situation and prevent
escape behaviors
○ Association between
stimulus and fear
response will eventually
weaken and become
extinct
Behavior Therapies

Aversive Conditioning
 Uses counterconditioning (classical
conditioning) to associate an unwanted
behavior with something unpleasant
○ i.e. – nausea-inducing drug for alcoholics
Behavior Therapies

Operant Conditioning
○ Modify behavior by reinforcing desired
behavior and ignoring or punishing
undesired behavior
 “Token Economy”
○ desirable behaviors are rewarded with
tokens, which can be exchanged for
desired items/activities
 Often used with institutionalized clients

Modeling
 Learn desirable behaviors by
watching other perform them – may
be combined with gradual practice
Cognitive Therapies

Basic Assumption:
 Disorder/problems are the result of
inappropriate/unhealthy thought
patterns and misinterpretations

Goal:
 To learn new, more adaptive ways of
thinking and acting
○ Challenge negative/distorted thinking,
learn more positive ways of thinking

Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT)
 Combines approaches of changing
negative thoughts and inappropriate
behaviors
Family & Group Therapies

Group therapy
 Interact with others with similar
problems
○ Get comfort, support, insight,
sense of community and new
understanding from hearing
others
 More efficient and less expensive

Family therapy
 Views problems as connected
to family relationships and
communication – seeks to
improve
Drug Therapies
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
Psychosurgery