Transcript Slide 1 - US History-

Lincoln’s Generals
Winfield Scott
Joseph Hooker
Ulysses S.
Irwin
George
George Meade Grant
McDowell
McClellan
Ambrose
Burnside
The Confederate Generals
“Stonewall”
Jackson
George
Pickett
James
Longstreet
Nathan
Bedford
Forrest
Jeb Stuart
Robert E. Lee
Fort Wagner
ß During the same month that Gettysburg was
taking place, the 54 Massachusetts Regiment
was storming Ft. Wagner in South Carolina
ß Generals:
ßNorth—Robert Gould Shaw
ßSouth—PGT Beauregard
ß Strategies:
Fort Wagner
ßNorth—Wanted to capture Charleston, SC
ßSouth—Defend and keep it’s strategically-located
fort
ß Outcome:
ßSouthern victory
ßRobert Shaw killed
ßDid show how brave 54th Regiment was
Lincoln at Gettysburg
ß Nov 19, 1863, Lincoln made his Gettysburg
Address to dedicate a cemetery at
Gettysburg
ß Honored the more than 7000 who died
ß Helped war-weary citizens refocus on their
shared ideals
Only
known
photo of
Lincoln
at the
Gettysburg
Address
Final Phases of the War
ß In November 1863, Grant and Gen Sherman
won an important victory at Chattanooga, TN
ß That helped to further weaken the Confeds
ß After this, Lincoln named Grant the
commander of all the Union armies
ß Grant then devised a plan to attack the
Confederacy on all fronts
Final Phases of the War
ß He would send the Army of the Potomac to
crush Lee’s army in VA
ß He would then send the western army, under
Sherman, to advance to Atlanta, GA and crush
the Confeds in the Deep South
The Massacre at Fort Pillow, TN
(April 12, 1864)
Ft. Pillow
ß Ft. Pillow was under Union command and was
protected by an African American regiment
ß The Confederate forces quickly overtook the
fort and the Union soldiers surrendered
ß They should have been taken as POWs, but the
Southern general had the men executed
Nathan Bedford Forrest
(Captured Fort Pillow)
 South—Nathan Bedford Forrest
 Strategy:
 North==Defend the fort
 South=Recapture Ft. Pillow
 Outcome=
 South victorious
 Forrest ordered black soldiers
murdered after they surrendered
 He became the first Grand
Wizard of the KKK after the
war.
Final Phases of the War
ß Grant’s army smashed into Lee’s in a series of 3
battles near VA:
ß1) Battles of the Wilderness (Grant lost
18,000 men)
ß2) Spotsylvania Courthouse (3000 killed)
ß3) Cold Harbor (Grant lost 7,000 men)
ß Battles cost the North thousands of men and
Grant was called a butcher by critics
Battle of the Wilderness
ß Generals:
ß North=Grant; South=Lee
ß First battle they fought each other
ß Strategies:
ß North=Find Lee, take over Richmond
ß South=Defend
ß Outcome:
ß Brushfire broke out, causing fighting to cease; 18,000 men
killed from the North
The Election of 1864
ß To the war-weary North, the events of the first
half of 1864 were discouraging.
ß Grant was stuck outside of Richmond and
Sherman outside of Atlanta
ß Lincoln’s chances at re-election did not look
good
ß Northern Democrats put up Gen. McClellan
The Election of 1864
ß In August, the Union gained control of the Gulf
of Mexico (David Farragut)
ß In September, news arrived that Sherman had
captured Atlanta
ß With these victories, Lincoln took 55% of the
popular vote
The Election of 1864
Total War
ß After Sherman captured Atlanta and left
it in ruins, he began the famous “March to
the Sea” to Savannah, GA
ß As the army advanced, it lived off the land
ß They cut a path of destruction about 50
miles wide (basically wanting to destroy
the South)
Total War
ß This method of waging war is known as
Total War (war between whole societies,
not just armies).
ß This is similar to what the U.S. did by
dropping bombs on Hiroshima and
Nagasaki to get Japan to surrender in
WWII.
Sherman’s March to the Sea
ß Generals—
ßNorth: William T. Sherman
ß Strategies—
ßN: Total War (destroy everything in the South)
ßS: Defend
ß Outcome—
ßTotal ruin in many parts of the South; signifies
the coming of the end
Total War
ß After capturing Savannah, Sherman turned
north through South Carolina, devastating the
state
ß “The crueler it [war] is,
the sooner it will be over”
--Sherman
Sherman’s
“March
to the
Sea”
through
Georgia,
1864
Victory for the North
ß Further North, Lee moved his army west
hoping to link up with the small Confederate
force that was trying to stop Sherman
ß However, the Union army blocked his escape
and Lee realized the situation was hopeless
ß On April 9, 1865, Lee surrender to Grant in a
small Virginia village called Appomattox
Court House
Surrender at Appomattox
April 9, 1865
Terms of Surrender
ß Confederate soldiers had to lay down their
arms but then they were free to go home
ß Grant ordered 3 days’ worth of food sent to
Lee’s hungry troops
ß Several days after Lee’s surrender, Jefferson
Davis was captured and the Civil War was
over
Results of the War
ß More than 600,000 soldiers died
ß Billions of dollars in damage, most in the
South
ß 2/3 of the transportation system lay in ruins
ß Created bitter feelings among defeated
Southerners
Results of the War
ß Union was saved and the federal govt was
strengthened
ß Millions of African Americans were freed
ß Now came the time to rebuild, during a period
known as “Reconstruction”
Casualties on Both Sides
Civil War Casualties
in Comparison to Other
Wars