Transcript The 2nd Half of the Civil War

The
nd
2
Half of the Civil War
Gettysburg through Lincoln’s
Assassination
Politics in the South
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Draft
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Southerners were not
reenlisting
General Lee pushes for a draft
– required military service
April 1862, Confederate
Congress passes first draft
law
 White men from 18 to 35
required three year service
 Exceptions
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Owners of more than 20
slaves
Southerners wealthy enough
to hire a substitute
State’s Rights
Seeking help from Europe
Politics in the North
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Tensions with Great Britain
Republicans in control
Financial Measures
1861, first federal income tax
 Greenbacks
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Emergency Wartime Actions
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Martial Law
Draft
Opposition to the War
Riots protesting draft
 Copperheads
 Lincoln suspends the writ of
habeas corpus
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Emancipation and the War
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Lincoln and slavery
 Originally
only wanted to preserve the Union
 Did not think he had the right to abolish
slavery
 Ending slavery became a war strategy

The Emancipation Proclamation
 January
1, 1863, slaves in areas of rebellion
against the government would be free
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Reaction to the Proclamation
African Americans Fight
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Contraband
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Slaves became property of
the Union government
Government then freed
them
African American Soldiers
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Gained ability to fight after
the proclamation
Originally in all black
regiments under a white
officer
The Hardships of War
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Southern Economy
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Food production declines
Planters refused to stop
growing cotton
Industry increased
Inflation
Northern Economy
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Most northern industries
were helped by the war
Women fill jobs
Profiteering
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Prison Camps
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Andersonville, Georgia
Medical Conditions
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Attempt to curve disease
Disease killed most of the
people who died in the war
Clara Barton
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Creates the Red Cross
The United States Sanitary
Commission
Gettysburg
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July 1
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July 2
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Union takes position along Cemetery Ridge
Confederacy takes position along Seminary Ridge
Longstreet slow to attack, Meade gets reinforced
Little Round Top – Joshua Chamberlain, bayonets
July 3
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Lee orders a direct assault on the center of the line
Pickett’s Charge
Results of Gettysburg
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Union
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23,000+ casualties
Confederates
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28,000+ casualties
July 4th, Confederates
retreat
 No other invasions of
North
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Vicksburg
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Grant makes unsuccessful
attempts between
December 1862 and April
1863
Grant moves around
Vicksburg and comes in
from the east
The Siege of Vicksburg
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Confederates give up on
July 4th
Cut South in Half!
The Gettysburg Address
November 19, 1863
 Edward Everett
speaks
 Lincoln speaks
 New definition of the
United States
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Grant Takes Command
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March 1864, Lincoln gives
Grant full control of the
Union army
Grant places William
Tecumseh Sherman in
control in the west
Battle of the Wilderness
Battle of Spotsylvania
Battle of Cold Harbor
The Siege of Petersburg
Sherman in Georgia
Battle of Kennesaw
Mountain
 President Davis
replaces Johnston
with James Hood
 Atlanta taken
 Sherman’s March to
the Sea
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Election of 1864
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Lincoln fears losing
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Andrew Johnson named Vice-President candidate
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Democrat from Tennessee
Democrats nominate George McClellan
 With Sherman taking Atlanta, Lincoln easily wins
 Thirteenth Amendment
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Passed in February of 1865 and ratified on December
6, 1865
Ended slavery in the U.S.
End of the War
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Grant controls Richmond
Sherman begins to move
north
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Destroys South Carolina
Appomattox Court House
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Lee leaves Richmond to
unite with Johnston’s forces
April 9, 1865, Lee
surrounded at Appomattox
Court House, VA
Lee surrenders his army to
Grant
Johnston surrenders to
Sherman in North Carolina
Lincoln’s Assassination
John Wilkes Booth leads failed kidnapping plot
 Booth leads plan to kill General Grant, Vice
President Johnson, Secretary of State Seward,
and President Lincoln
 April 14, 1865
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Ford’s Theater in Washington, D.C.
Booth mortally wounds Lincoln
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Died the next morning
Booth killed in a tobacco warehouse in Virginia