Transcript The Impact of the Civil War

The Impact of the Civil War
Review: The 2 Sides in 1863
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Fill in the chart on your notes to review
what both sides were experiencing in
1863.
The Union During War Time
Government Actions
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Political Divisions:
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Democratic minority opposes Lincoln
Emancipation Proclamation, expanded govt. power
 ‘Copperheads’ (peace Democrats) demand peace
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Radical Republicans
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Think Lincoln isn’t going far enough
Government Actions
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New Laws:
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Pacific Railroad Act of 1862
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Homestead Act of 1862
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Develop a transcontinental railroad
Gave 160 acres of public land to settlers after they
settle there for 5 years
Morrill Land Grant Act
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Gave states the $ from sale of public lands to start
public universities
Government Actions
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Draft riots and expanded government power:
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New York City Draft riots – July 1863
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Working class immigrants angry at being drafted for a war
that would free slaves who could take their jobs
Lincoln sends federal troops to stop riots
Suspends habeas corpus nationwide in 1863
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Govt. can arrest anyone “disloyal”
Most famous case “Ex parte Milligan”
Economic Impact
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War Industries Profit:
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War-related industries profit from huge govt.
contracts
Railroads profit
Republicans promote business growth
Raise the tariff
 Land grants to railroad companies
 Create national banking system
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Economic Impact
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Impact on Workers:
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The wealthy profit more than average workers
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Prices go up
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Corruption
Inflation, tariffs
Wages don’t keep up with prices
Economic Impact
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Women’s role in the war
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Women serve in the war
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Women take jobs left by men
Woman’s National Loyal League
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Nurses, Sanitary Commission workers
Organized to work for abolition, women’s rights
But no major gains made
The Confederacy During
Wartime
Government Actions
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Divisions in the Confederacy
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States’ rights advocates
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Think Jefferson Davis is a dictator
Union loyalists
Davis can’t do much
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Can’t risk alienating support
Can’t create a national identity
Economic Impact
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A Shattered Economy:
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Industries did grow to produce war goods,
but…
War wrecked the South’s railroads
Cotton production sinks
Food shortages
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Planters refuse to stop growing cotton
Inflation in the South
Economic Impact
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Women’s roles in the war:
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Many help support the war effort in the
beginning
Southern women left in charge of plantations
and farms
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Many flee west to escape Union troops
The Union Victorious
1864-1865
Grant Takes Control
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Two-front war
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Attack Lee in the East
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Battle of the Wilderness – series of battles where
Grant slowly pushes Lee back to Richmond
Send Sherman to attack in Georgia and break
up the Confederate army
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Takes Atlanta by September
The Election of 1864
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Lincoln can barely win the Republican
nomination
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Republicans form the temporary National Union
Party
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Radicals nominate Chase
Peace Democrats demanding an end to the war
Nominate Democratic Andrew Johnson as VP
Lincoln defeats McClellan (democrat)
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Passes Thirteenth Amendment after winning
1864 Election
Sherman’s March Through Georgia
Sherman’s March Through Georgia
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Sherman takes Atlanta
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Confederates under General Hood move north
to try and draw Sherman north
Sherman decides to march to Savannah,
live off the countryside
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Destroy everything that could help the south
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Railroads, crops, livestock, etc.
Then moves through South and North
Carolina
Toward Appomatox
Toward Appomattox
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Lee can’t hold out against Grant any longer
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Davis flees Richmond
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South morale is broken, lots of deserters
Union takes it over
Lee tries to escape with the army and regroup
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He can’t – asks for surrender
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Formal surrender on April 13, 1866
Impact of the War
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Lincoln is assassinated
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Killed at Ford’s Theater on April 14
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John Wilkes Booth – Confederate actor
620,000 soldiers killed
Huge economic cost
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Southern economy ruined
North actually grows economically
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U.S. becomes a major industrial nation