Transcript The Final Chapters of the War - LOUISVILLE

Section 16.5:
The Final Chapters of the
War
• Admiral David Farragut and the Union navy had
attacked New Orleans, at the mouth of the
Mississippi
– They forced the Confederacy to surrender there
• General Grant also captured Vicksburg, MS
– The loss of Vicksburg meant that the entire
Mississippi River was controlled by the Union army
• Grant was now the commander in chief of all
the Union armies
– He wanted to destroy the South so they could no
longer fight
– This would include destroying the cotton industry,
railroads for transporting goods, and seaports for
receiving goods from Europe
Election of 1864
• In 1864, the Republicans
nominated Lincoln for a
second term
• Civil War veteran George
McClellan was the
Democrats’ choice for
President
Abraham Lincoln
– His party stood for bringing
an end to the war
• Before the election, the Union
scored victories on land and sea
• The sudden change in events
ruined the chances of the
Democrats
• Lincoln won easily
George McClellan
General Sherman Advancing His
Army
• Under General Grant’s
orders, General William
Sherman led an army of
100,000 men into Atlanta,
Georgia
• Confederate General John
Hood tried to stop the Union
troops, but he was forced to
retreat
• General Sherman and about 60,000
Union troops set out from Atlanta
• Sherman commanded his troops to
destroy everything in sight
William Sherman
John Hood
• His army cut a fifty-mile-wide path through
Georgia
– His troops destroyed bridges, barns, livestock,
railroads, and crops
• On Dec 21, 1864, the Union army captured
Savannah
• General Sherman marched northward to join
General Grant at Richmond in the spring of
1865
• Phillip Sheridan, another
Union general, was closing
in quickly from the West
• General Lee was in a difficult situation
• In one last desperate move, the
Confederate leader marched his men
westward
• General Phillip Sheridan’s troops
surrounded Robert E.
Lee near Appomattox
Court House in Virginia
– Lee asked for the terms
of surrender, to avoid
even more losses on
both sides
End of the War
• General Lee met General Grant to discuss the
terms of surrender of April 9, 1865
• Grant’s terms were generous
– Confederate soldiers would be allowed to keep their
horses and mules
– Officers could keep their pistols; all other military
guns and supplies were to be turned over to the
Union
• The terms were accepted by General Lee
• The war was over
• The Union had been saved and the slavery
question was finally settled
Losses From the War
• The losses from the war were very high
• It claimed more American lives than any other war
before it
• The fighting damaged property, too
• Sherman’s march alone was estimated to have
caused over $100 million in damages
Union
Confederacy
2,213,400
1,003,600
Battle Deaths
110,000
94,000
Wounded
275,000
226,000
Deaths by Disease
224,000
60,000
Soldiers Served
16.5 PowerPoint Questions
1.) How was the loss at Vicksburg harmful to the
Confederacy?
2.) What was Grant’s plan for winning the war?
3.) Why was the election of 1864 important?
4.) How did General Sherman’s army destroy the
South?
5.) Why was General Lee forced to surrender?
C.T.) The Civil War resulted in a huge loss of life
and damage to property. What other things do
you think the war affected?
Chapter 16 Review: Identifying Facts
Ambrose Burnside
Jefferson Davis
Appomattox Court House
Stonewall Jackson
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Antietam
blockade
John Hood
Emancipation Proclamation
Gettysburg
Fort Sumter
Robert E. Lee
Gettysburg Address
Vicksburg
William Sherman
___ was the Confederate general whose troops tried to defend Atlanta from
Union attack.
The battle at ___ last for three days and was the turning point of the war.
One of the bloodiest battles of the war was fought in Maryland on ___ Creek.
General ___ commanded the Confederate army.
The troops of ___ cut a path of destruction fifty miles wide through Georgia.
After General Grant captured ___, the Union controlled the entire Mississippi
River.
The Civil War began with the attack on ___.
___ and his troops help the Confederacy to win the Battle of Manassas in July
of 1861.
President Lincoln gave the ___ at the dedication of a national cemetery.
To prevent the South from selling cotton and buying military goods, the Union
formed a ___of the Confederacy’s ports.
___ replaced General McClellan as the head of the Union army.
The ___ freed enslaved people in the Confederate States on Jan 1, 1863
Lee signed the surrender to Grant in Virginia at ___.
The President of the Confederate States of America was ___.
Chapter 16 Review: Understanding Main Ideas
1. What was the purpose of the Union blockade?
2. What happened that helped Lincoln win reelection in 1864?
3. What were the terms of Lee’s surrender to
Grant?
4. What was no longer an issue after the Civil War
was over?
5. Many of the soldiers who fought in the Civil War
were teenagers. What do you think of the idea
of teenagers fighting in a war?
6. Lee considered Grant’s terms of surrender to
be generous. If you had been Grant, what
would your terms of surrender have been?