Transcript civil war - TeacherWeb

CIVIL WAR
Group 11: Larissa Amaral, Brendan Hamill, Kaylee
Halsey, Jonathan Wolf
Strengths and
Weaknesses
North Strengths: Home of majority of population,
farmland, factories, production, firearm productions,
and railroads.
South Strengths: Advantage of fighting on the
homefront and had strong military leadership.
Beginnings of War
Fort Sumter (April 12,1861):South opened fire against the North. This
angered the North thus beginning the Civil War.
First Battle of Bull-run (July 21, 1861): North attempted to
demonstrate superiority over the South by trying to capture Confederate
capital of Richmond. Victory of the South increased their confidence
dangerously. Norths loss showed them that a one battle war was not realistic.
Battle of Antietam(August 29-30, 1862): Confederate army invade
the Union through Maryland hoping Maryland would join the confederacy. Known
as the bloodiest battle of the civil war and ultimately lead to Lincoln’s
Emancipation Proclamation.
Battle of Gettsyburg(July 1, 1863): Turning point in the war in which
50,000 people died and South lost opportunity to invade the north.
Generals and Military Tactics
Anaconda Plan (Union General Scott):
General Winfield Scott’s plan in 1861 for subduing the seceding states at the beginning of
the civil war without actually going to war with the South. Called for a defense of
Washington, D.C., a blockade of the confederacy’s Atlantic and Gulf coasts, and a large
land and naval attack along the Mississippi River so no cotton could be exported and no
war supplies could be imported while also dividing the South in two.
Total War (Union General Grant):
General Grant was the general for the Union who defeated the confederates lead by General
Robert E. Lee and negotiated the South’s surrender at the Appomattox Court House in
Virginia . In 1864 Grant ordered General Sherman to take men through the heart of the South
using “total war” tactics meaning no one was innocent and private property was fair game.
Sherman’s March on the Sea involved the defeat of Confederate troops protecting Atlanta,
Georgia and the burning of the city. Sherman then marched his troops to Savannah destroying
railroads, burning homes, destroying crops, and ransacking the entire countryside along the
way.
Confederate General Robert E. Lee:
Robert E. Lee served as a captain under General Winfield Scott in the
Mexican War, in which he distinguished himself. He gained control of the
Army of Northern Virginia in June 1861 after refusing to lead the union
troops and would lead the army until the end of the war. Had many
successes but ultimately had to surrender what was left of his army in
April 1865 to General Grant.
Thomas Jonathan Jackson:
Known as Stonewall Jackson, was a confederate lieutenant general in the
civil war and considered the right hand man to Robert E. Lee. He became
a military legend for his various military successes including his flanking
maneuver at the battle of Chancellorsville, his success in Harpers Ferry in
1861, and his Shenandoah Valley campaign in 1862. He died in May 1863
after being shot by one of his own men.
Foreign Diplomacy
As the war raged on in the U.S. both sides, the north and the south,
looked for allies to help them gain a distinct advantage in the war. The
north looked for an alliance with the French and when a treaty was
agreed upon the French supplied the union with troops, supplies(weapons,
clothing, food), and money. This gave them an edge over the south in
many aspects of the war. The south also looked to gain allies like the
British. The British were looking for an opportunity to gain another hold
onto the U.S. and this was seen as the perfect moment. The north
however had told the British that if they did intervene then they would go
to war with the north. This scared the British enough to keep them out of
the war. The most involvement that was allowed by the British was to
keep the flow of cotton going and aid the south economically.
African-Americans/ Women in the Civil War
Freedmen’s Bureau: Around 4 million slaves were liberated after the
victory of the Union. This bureau served to aid the newly free in the
aftermath of the war with food, clothing, medical aid, housing, education,
and legal assistance. However, it was soon shut down to low funds caused
by race and reconstruction
54th Massachusetts Regiment: Was the first official black units
in the U.S. to fight in the war. This group courageously assaulted Fort
Wagner in 1863 and played a key role in the attempt to bring an end to
slavery.
Women’s Service: Women played a key role in the war as their
husbands, fathers, and brothers were away fighting. They contributed their
time and effort in anyway possible from maintaining a household to helping
raise awareness for more soldiers. They achieved in showing their
capabilities and managed to make a large positive impact on the war.
Abraham Lincoln
Gettysburg Address(November 1863): Following
the battle of Gettysburg, Lincoln delivered his speech in which he
addressed the principles of of human equality stated in the Declaration of
Independence and connected the sacrifices of the Civil War with the
desire for freedom, preservation of the Union, and the ideal of selfgovernment.
Emancipation Proclamation: Declared freedom to all
slaves in seceded areas. This changed the course of the war because
freedom then became dependent on the victories of the Union. Black slaves
were then able to fight in the Union armies and became liberators after
becoming liberated. Although it did not end slavery it bolstered the
imagination of Americans.
Social Political & Economic Effects
in North South and West
Copperheads: democratic northerners who sympathized with the
south during the civil war. They were openly against war through attacks on
the draft, lincoln, and emancipation.
Industrialization: The industry flourished in the North during the
war. The union gained a major economic advantage over the south and
were able to take those funds and push them towards the war effort.
Lincoln: In the year 1863 Lincoln suspended habeas corpus (authorizing
an arrest without due process) of rebels and traitors. This allowed the
punishment to be head swiftly and made judgement easy for the North.
AP Questions
1. European states did not aid the Confederacy in the Civil War because
a. Union diplomats made many efforts to convince them not to
b. There were alternative sources of cotton and other crops that
they could turn to.
c. The Confederacy's position on slavery
d. They did not believe that the Confederacy could win
e. All of the above
2. The battle of Gettysburg was important because:
A. It led to the immediate end to the war.
B. It opened an invasion route to the North.
C. It cut off supplies to states west of the Mississippi River.
D. It inflicted a major loss of General Lee’s army.
D: After the Battle of Gettysburg, the Confederacy suffered an estimated
28,000 men. This was Lee’s best chance of invading the North and
earning support of the European states.