Transcript (Union) Important Military Leaders in the Civil War

Chapter 11
The Civil War
Confederate States of America:
Before Fort Sumter (Lower South)
South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi,
Louisiana, Texas
After Fort Sumter (Upper South)
Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia
Border States
(slave states that remained in the Union)
Kentucky, Delaware, Maryland, Missouri
United States of America
&
Confederate States of America
Resources Compared

Analyze the “Union and Confederate
Resources, 1861” chart on page 361.

Pick 3 pie graphs and answer the following
for each graph chosen:
Did this resource help the North or South?
 What advantage did this resource provide?

North
v.
Union
22 million people
22,000 miles of RR
110,000 Factories
Navy
South
Confederacy
9 million people
(3.5 million slaves)
9,000 miles of RR
Depended on Cotton
Wanted Britain’s help
* Home field advantage
Defensive war
Better Military Leaders
Presidents of the Civil War
Jefferson Davis
Abraham Lincoln
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Born in Kentucky (1809)
No formal education
Only two weeks of
military experience
8 years in Illinois
legislature
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Born in Kentucky (1808)
West Point graduate
Served as commander
during Mexican War
U.S. Senator & Sec. of
War under Franklin Pierce
Lincoln’s Goals
 main goal: save the Union -
more important than his
personal dislike of slavery
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keep Maryland in the Union slave state, if it seceded,
Washington, DC would be
surrounded by Confederate
territory
keep other border states in
the Union
“I believe I have no lawful right to
[free the slaves], and I have no
inclination to do so.”
- Lincoln, First Inaugural Address
Battle Plans
Union Strategy:
Anaconda Plan
 1st front: capture Richmond, VA
 2nd front: control the Mississippi River to split the
Confederacy in two
 3rd front: a naval blockade of Southern ports
Confederacy Strategy:
 get support from Great Britain or France
 prolong the war until the Union gives in
The Life of a Soldier
Union
Uniform
The Armies
most were foot soldiers (ages 17-25)
 “Johnny Reb” and “Billy Yank”
 cavalry - army on horseback
 artillery - cannons and heavy guns

Army Life
Confederate
Uniform
lack of food, shelter, and clothing
 diseases: dysentery, typhoid fever, flu

Important Military Leaders in the
Civil War
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Leading General of the Union
army
Battles: Vicksburg, Gettysburg,
Appomattox Courthouse
Forced Lee to surrender at
Appomattox Courthouse
“The war is over. The rebels are
our countrymen again.”
Who am I?
Ulysses S. Grant (Union)
Important Military Leaders in the
Civil War
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“I can’t betray my country.” chose loyalty to Virginia
above loyalty to the Union
Commander of Confederate
Army
Battles: Antietam,
Gettysburg, Appomattox
Courthouse
Who am I?
Robert E. Lee
(Confederacy)
Important Military Leaders in the
Civil War
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Earned his nickname at the
battle of Bull Run because of
his refusal to back down
against the Union Army
Killed by one of his own
soldiers at the Battle of
Chancellorsville
Who am I?
Thomas “Stonewall”
Jackson
(Confederacy)
Important Military Leaders in the
Civil War
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Led the 250-mile “March to
the Sea”; goal capture the
port of Savannah, GA
Looted and took supplies
along way, destroyed
everything else
Burned the city of Atlanta
Who am I?
William T. Sherman
(Union)
Civil War Battles Chart & Map
Complete the chart & map exercises for the
following Civil War battles:
1st Bull Run
Shiloh
2nd Bull Run
Antietam
Chancellorsville
(page 364)
(page 364)
(page 366)
(page 368)
(page 382-383)
Battle of Bull Run (July, 1861)

Gen. Irvin McDowell (Union)
met General Beauregard
(Con) in Manassas, Virginia

“Stonewall” Jackson & the
Confederates hold off the
Union charge - Union
retreats

Proved the war would be
long and bloody

Union losses: 2,896
Confederate losses: 1,982

Battle of Shiloh (1862)
Ulysses Grant (U) v. Albert S. Johnston (C)
 Two day battle in Tennessee
 Confederates retreat from Mississippi Valley
 Union Losses: 13,000 Con Losses: 10,700

Second Battle of Bull Run (1862)
Robert E. Lee (C) v. John Pope (U) in VA
 Union retreats back to DC
 Total Losses: 14,500
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Battle of Antietam
(1862) Maryland
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Lee (C) v. McClellan (U)
Lee invades northern territory then
retreats – Union victory
is a paper with which if I
deadliest single day of fighting “Here
cannot whip Bobbie Lee, I will be
willing to go home.”
Union losses: 13,000
- General George McClellan
Con losses: 11,000
led Lincoln to issue the
Emancipation Proclamation
(1863)
The Emancipation Proclamation
(1863)
Surrender now and keep your slaves
 as of Jan. 1, 1863 all slaves in Confederacy
will be free
 did not include the border states
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Reasons for the Emancipation
Proclamation
Union now fighting for freedom of all men
 African Americans join Union Army (180,000)
 Great Britain will support the Union instead
of the Confederacy

Battle of Chancellorsville (1862)
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Lee (Con) defeats Joseph Hooker (Union) in VA
“Stonewall” Jackson killed by own soldier
 Union Losses: 17,000
 Con Losses: 13,000

“He has lost his left arm, but
I have lost my right arm.”
- Robert E. Lee
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Both sides draft soldiers
1863 Lincoln suspends habeas
corpus - protects a person from
being held in jail without being
charged with a specific crime
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Confederates could be jailed for a
long period of time
Copper Heads - Northern
Democrats who opposed the Civil
War & Lincoln, were Confederate
sympathizers
Radical Republicans - the majority
in Congress, wanted to end
slavery
Civil War Battles Chart & Map
Complete the chart & map exercises for the
following Civil War battles:
Vicksburg (page 380-381)
Gettysburg (page 383-384)
Atlanta
(page 386-387)
Appomattox Court House (page 391)
Battle of Vicksburg (Mississippi 1863)
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Grant (U) v.
Pemberton (C)
Grant surrounded
Vicksburg to starve them
Confederates
surrendered on July
4,1863 after a six-week
siege
gave the Union control
of Mississippi River
Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
(1863)
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Lee (C) v. Meade (U) (replaced Hooker)
(Lee’s 2nd attempt to invade the North)
Confederates held Seminary Ridge
Map page 384 - 385
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Three day battle:
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July 1: Lee attacked the Union
July 2: Lee attacked again, but Union had high ground
July 3: Lee attacked the center of Union line
Picketts’ Charge
Day 3: Gettysburg
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15,000 Rebel soldiers march across
open field toward Union line
Union opens fire
Total Losses: 50,000
Surrender on July 4th - Union Victory
Gettysburg is the turning point of the
Civil War
Gettysburg Address (1863)
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Lincoln visited battlefield to dedicate a cemetery
for the 6,000 fallen Union soldiers
Civil War – struggle to fulfill the Declaration of
Independence “all men are created equal”
“We have highly resolve that these dead shall not
have died in vain – that this nation under God,
shall have a new birth of freedom – and that
government of the people, by the people, for the
people, shall not perish from the earth.”
- Abraham Lincoln, Nov.19, 1863
Ulysses S. Grant
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1864 Lincoln made
Grant head of Union
Army
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Grant believed in a war
of attrition – the constant
wearing down to weaken
or destroy
Election of 1864

Abraham Lincoln (Republican) v.
George McClellan (Democrat)
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Lincoln is reelected - 2nd Inaugural Address:
“With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in
the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to
finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation’s wounds.”
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Lincoln’s VP Andrew Johnson – from Tennessee
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13th Amendment is ratified (1865) - abolishes ALL
slavery in the United States
Sherman’s March to the Sea (1864)
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Sherman (U) v. Hood (C)
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From Atlanta to
Savannah
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Battle for Atlanta
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Sherman destroyed
everything in sight (total
war) - wanted to destroy
the South’s strategic and
economic ability to fight
Appomattox Court House
(April 9, 1865)
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Lee surrendered to Grant
Lee’s soldiers had to take an oath of
loyalty to the Union
The Civil war is over
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
(April 14, 1865)
Ford’s theater in Washington DC
 John Wilkes Booth shoots Lincoln
 Lincoln dies the following day
 Andrew Johnson becomes 17th president
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