Transcript Expanded Civil War

Objective: To examine the advantages, disadvantages, and strategies of both
the Union and the Confederacy.
Do Now: Use the information below to write a well written paragraph
answering the following questions.
• Who had the advantage at the start of the Civil War, the Union or the
Confederacy, and why do you think so?
Union Advantage
• large population of
22 million
Confederate
Disadvantage
• small population of
9 million, of which 1/3
were slaves
Union Advantage
• excellent railroad
system
Confederate
Disadvantage
• poor railroad
system
Confederate Advantages
• fought a defensive war at
home
• defending their
homeland
Union Disadvantages
• The South was a huge
area to conquer.
• The North invaded
unfamiliar territory.
Union Advantages:
•Strong central government
•Strong leader in President
Lincoln
Confederate Disadvantages
•Weak central government
•Poor leadership from
President Davis
Confederate Advantage:
Strong military leader in
General Robert E. Lee
Union Disadvantage:
Series of unaggressive generals
with mixed results until Grant
Strategies for Victory
Union plans:
· blockade Southern ports
· seize control of the Mississippi River
· capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia
• Plan
devised by General Winfield Scott known as the …
ANACONDA PLAN
• Planned to “squeeze” the South economically so it couldn’t fight
Confederate plans:
· To stay at home and fight a defensive war.
· The South believed that the North would quickly tire of fighting and
give up.
· The South counted on European money and supplies.
War Technology
The invention of the
Minie Ball along with
grooved rifle barrels
allowed soldiers to
shoot further and
more accurate.
Lincoln’s 1st Inaugural Address
Says the FEDERAL government is MORE powerful than
STATE governments and that secession is ILLEGAL
Fort Sumter – April 12, 1861
FIRING AT FORT SUMTER
On April 12, 1861 under
the command of Brigadier
General P.G.T Beauregard
Confederate cannons
opened fire on Fort Sumter
for 34 straight hours …
… officially
beginning the
American Civil War
1st Battle of Bull Run – July 21, 1861
1st Battle of Bull Run – July 21, 1861
• First major land battle of the war
• Washington tourists picnicked at the battle –
thought it would be exciting and over quickly
• Confederate victory – shocked the North
• Showed inexperience of Union commanders
•Made Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson a
Confederate hero
Battle of Antietam – Sept. 17, 1862
Battle of Antietam – Sept. 17, 1862
• Lee
invaded North through Maryland
• Met by Union Army under Gen. George
McClellan near Sharpsburg, MD at Antietam Creek
• Bloodiest single day in U.S. history – 25,000+
casualties
• Battle was a draw but stopped Lee so
considered a Union victory
• McClellan let Lee’s army escape – fired by
Lincoln as Union commander
Emancipation Proclamation
• Northern abolitionists urging
Lincoln to free slaves
•Lincoln undecided – doesn’t
want to anger border states
• Victory at Antietam gives
Lincoln confidence to act
• January 1, 1863: Lincoln
frees all slaves in captured
Confederate territory
• Morale boost for North –
gives them a cause for the war
African-Americans Fight
Importance of Ft. Wagner
• Bravery of 54th
Massachusetts at Ft. Wagner
changed minds about
African-Americans
• 180,000+ African-Americans
fought for Union
• In 1900, William Carney
awarded Medal of Honor for
his actions at Ft. Wagner – 1st
African-American to earn
MoH
1863
• Two major defeats for Union in
Virginia:
Dec. 1862 – Fredericksburg
(Burnside)
May 1863 – Chancellorsville
(Hooker)
• Stonewall Jackson killed by
friendly fire at Chancellorsville South loses one of its best
leaders
June 1863 – Lee invades North
again, this time in Pennsylvania
…
Gen. Jackson – April 1863
Battle of Gettysburg
· Gen. Robert
E. Lee
decided to
attack the
Union in
Gettysburg,
PA, in July of
1863.
BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG BY THE NUMBERS
United States
Confederacy
93,921 Soldiers begin the battle
71,699 Soldiers begin the battle
23,055 Lost
23,231 Lost
3,155 (Killed)
14,531 (Wounded)
5,369 (Captured/MIA)
4,708 (Killed)
12,693 (Wounded)
5,830 (Captured/MIA)
· Gen. George Pickett
led the Confederates
into battle.
· Pickett’s Charge
failed, and Lee
retreated.
* This was the turning
point of the war.
Pickett’s Charge
· Over 40,000 soldiers were killed or wounded at Gettysburg.
Casualties of the Battle of Gettysburg awaiting burial
Confederate soldiers on the Gettysburg Battlefield in
an unfinished trench grave.
The view of Seminary Ridge seen from Cemetery Ridge. It
was across these fields that Union soldiers repulsed the
Confederates participating in the Pickett / Pettigrew Charge.
Siege at Vicksburg
Siege at Vicksburg
General Grant surrounded the City of Vicksburg, Mississippi
from May 25 until July 4 forcing the Confederacy to surrender
the town and control of the Mississippi river. This also split
the confederacy in two – part of Anaconda Plan
Grant Takes Command
After his victory at Vicksburg, Lincoln made General
Ulysses S. Grant commander of the Union Army in March
1864 and ordered him to finish off the Confederacy and
end the war.
1864
1864 – The Hardest Year
• Grant driving toward Richmond – heavy losses, but
keeps attacking Lee
•General Sherman begins “March to the Sea” in GA –
burns crops and towns, kills animals – total war
• June: begins trench warfare at Petersburg that lasts
10 months
• North tired of war - Democrats run George McClellan
against Lincoln with promise to make peace with the
South
• September: Gen. Sherman captures Atlanta –Union
celebrates and reelects Lincoln for 2nd term
Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural Address
Says the United States will not punish the South after
the Civil War. (The war looks like it will be over soon)
Second Inaugural Address excerpt
Fondly do we hope — fervently do we pray — that this
mighty scourge of war may speedily pass away. Yet, if God
wills that it continue, until all the wealth piled by the bondman's two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be
sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with the lash, shall
be paid by another drawn with the sword, as was said three
thousand years ago, so still it must be said "the judgments of
the Lord, are true and righteous altogether." With malice
toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as
God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the
work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care for
him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and
his orphan — to do all which may achieve and cherish a just
and lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all nations.
Abraham Lincoln March 4, 1865
The War Ends
The War Ends
· On April 2, 1865, Union Gen. Ulysses S. Grant captured
Richmond, VA, the Confederate capital.
· On April 9, Gen. Lee surrendered to Gen. Grant in the town
of Appomattox Courthouse, VA.
* The war was over!
Lincoln Assassinated
CIVIL WAR AMENDMENTS
Amendment 13 – Frees all slaves
FREE
Amendment 14 – Gives citizenship to
former slaves and free
CITIZENS
blacks
Amendment 15 – Gives black men the right
to vote
VOTE