Transcript The Civil War

The
Civil War
(1861-1865)
Lincoln
Takes oath on March 4, 1861
– 7 states had already seceded
Secession was impractical
Controversies
– Debt
– Territories
– Fugitives
Fort Sumter
After secession, South had captured most
arsenals, mints, and forts
Sumter remained Union
– Only had weeks worth of provisions
– Lincoln to send in “provisions” not reinforcments
– South takes this as act of war
April 12, 1861 Carolina fires on Sumter and
provokes the North to fight
Lincoln calls for militia on April 15
The Union & Confederacy in
1861
population - 22 million
- 90% of industrial goods, esp. munitions
- efficient railroad system
- controlled the navy, which could be used to
blockade s. ports and shut down the s. econ
-
-but would have to fight an offensive war
(long supply lines, unfamiliar territory...)
- ? capable mil. leaders ? until Ulysses S. Grant
Confederates had excellent generals too -Robert
E. Lee and Thomas Jackson
Defending is always easier than attacking (familiar w/climate and territory, possible
psychological advantages)
Farmers fight better than factory workers
Profitable eco. based on cotton exports
But disadvantages…a smaller pop. of 9 million
(inc. 3.5 million slaves)
had to import ind. goods; very
little munitions production
Rating the North & the
South
Slave/Free States
Population, 1861
Railroad Lines, 1860
Resources: North & the
South
Men Present for Duty
in the Civil War
Ohio Military Service
Soldiers’ Occupations:
North/South Combined
Lincoln’s Generals
Winfield Scott
Irwin McDowell
George McClellan
Joseph Hooker
Ambrose Burnside
Ulysses S. Grant
George Meade
George McClellan,
Again!
The Leaders of the Confederacy
Pres. Jefferson Davis
VP Alexander Stevens
Immigrants
as a %
of a State’s
Population
in
1860
The Confederate Generals
“Stonewall” Jackson
Nathan Bedford
Forrest
George Pickett
Jeb Stuart
James Longstreet
Robert E. Lee
Foreign Policy
Europe would be delighted by a divided
United States
South counted on foreign intervention
– Workers of Europe did not want to intervene
– Cotton surplus
– North sends food to Europe
Trent Affair – late 1861, fizzles out
Laird Rams – London intervenes and buys
ships to avoid war
The North
Initiates the
Draft, 1863
•Volunteers
had dwindled
Buy Your Way Out of
Military Service
NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)
NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16,
1863)
Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYC
Recruiting Blacks in NYC
Economics
North – had more economic power than
South
– Excise taxes
– First income tax
– Morrill Tariff Act
– Greenback paper money
– Sale of bonds
– New National Bank - 1863
Economics
South – financial ruin
– No customs duties b/c of blockade
– Increase taxes
– Blueback paper money – runaway inflation
Other Effects
First Millionaire class
Standardization of measurements
Labor saving machines
Petroleum in PA
Homestead Act of 1862
Women work – 1 in 3 takes on work during
war
Overview
of
the
North’s
Civil War
Strategy:
“Anaconda”
Plan
The “Anaconda” Plan
Battle of Bull Run
st
(1 Manassas)
July, 1861
The Battle of the Ironclads,
March, 1862
The Monitor vs.
the Merrimac
Damage on the Deck of the
Monitor
War in the East: 1861-1862
Battle of Antietam
“Bloodiest Single Day of the War”
September 17, 1862
23,000 casualties
Emancipation in 1863
The
Emancipation
Proclamation
African-American Recruiting Poster
William Carney
After the Emancipation
Proclamation blacks
began to join the Union
Army
Initially they were only
used for manual labor
Eventually, Blacks saw
live combat
54th regiment out of
Massachusetts
The Famous 54th Massachusetts
African-Americans
in Civil War Battles
Black Troops Freeing Slaves
Extensive Legislation Passed
Without the South in Congress
1861 – Morrill Tariff Act
1862 – Homestead Act
1862 – Legal Tender Act
1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act
1862 – Emancipation Proclamation
(1/1/1863)
1863 – Pacific Railway Act
1863 – National Bank Act
The War in
the West,
1863:
Vicksburg
The Road to Gettysburg:
1863
Gettysburg Casualties
The Progress of War: 18611865
Sherman’s
“March
to the
Sea”
through
Georgia,
1864
1864 Election
Pres. Lincoln (R)
George McClellan (D)
The Peace Movement:
Copperheads
Clement Vallandigham
1864 Copperhead Campaign
Poster
Cartoon Lampoons Democratic
Copperheads in 1864
Presidential
Election
Results:
1864
The Final Virginia Campaign:
1864-1865
Surrender at Appomattox
April 9, 1865
Casualties on Both Sides
Civil War Casualties
in Comparison to Other
Wars
Ford’s Theater
(April 14, 1865)
The Assassin
John Wilkes Booth
The Assassination
WANTED~~!!
Now He Belongs to the Ages!
The Execution