Transcript CIVIL WAR - Brookwood High School

The Civil War
• Politics in the South
What was the war about?
*States Rights v.
*Federal Power
• Mobilizing an Army
Draft (conscription)
and Taxes •18 to 35 (able bodied whites)
• States Rights (South)
•1864 losses changed to 17 to 50
(will not cooperate with each other)
•Rich planters were exempt (20+)
• Help from Europe
-Recognition•Most
as asoutherners
independent
Nation
fighting
-Great Britain
(HELP)
DIDN’T
Own a slave
Politics in the North (is it worth it?)
– UNIFY the Country
• Tensions w/ Great Britain
– Push them to remain NEUTRAL
• Financial Measures
- 3% income tax
-national currency
(Greenbacks)
• Emergency Wartime Measures
-Draft / “Lincoln declares Martial Law
& Arrests” Copperheads
– Writ of Habeas Corpus
SUSPENDED
– NO TRIAL / NO HEARINGS
The North Initiates
the Draft, 1863
•92% were volunteers
•Age 20 to 45 for Three (3)
years
•Allowed Substitutes to be
hired
•Pay $300 to avoid
Conscription
• BOUNTY JUMPERS
Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYC
African-American Recruiting Poster
Recruiting Blacks in NYC
NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)
NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)
1863
•poor crowded into slums
•Poverty-Crime-Disease are rampant
•Poor white (immigrant) workers against fighting a war to free slaves
(who is freeing me?)
•Fear “free” blacks competing for
jobs
Political &
Economic Fear
(NATIVISM)
• North - $$ Economic Boom $$
-Immense Profits / Jobs Growth
-Sets Economy for next 100 yrs.
-1st Income Tax (to pay for war)
• Trans-Continental RR: 1862
• Homestead Act: 1862
westward expansion
• Medical Improvements
– Sanitary Commissions
– “Angels of the Battlefield”
Clara Barton - The Red Cross
• (Antiseptic for Wounds)
– Joseph Lister (1865 England)
The Hardships of War . . .
• The Southern Economy (blockade effects)
* inflation and starvation
* Lack of Labor * Women Fill Jobs
* Food v. Cotton * Hyper Inflation Prices
• Prison Camps (north & south)
(Camp Andersonville - South Georgia)
(Camp Douglas - Chicago) “Eighty Acres of Hell”
Emancipation and the War
• Lincoln and the issue of slavery
– Personal View (moral issue)
• But did Federal Gov’t have authority
to abolish it where it already existed?
– Military Strategy (win the war)
• Force British Neutrality
• Slaves (in south) could be
“freed” by Army as they fight
– Would hurt their war effort
– Abolitionist’s PUSH the effort
• African-American’s want to fight
....
Emancipation and the War
....
• Emancipation Proclamation
Jan. 1, 1863 - Slavery issue of War
• Results of the Proclamation
– Was a Military Action - NO Immediate Effect
– Only applied to areas (to be conquered)
behind Confederate Lines
• Reaction to the Proclamation
-Promised Freedom if Union WINS
-Inspired runaways/ Join to fight
-Pressures England (NOT) support South
Emancipation in 1863
• Slavery becomes the “Main Issue”
- Hurt the south’s war effort
- Abolitionist’s (Radical Republicans)
- Foreign Aid for the South
African Americans Fight
The Contraband Issue
Re-enslaved / Shot on Sight
• New York City Draft Riots
– Political / Economic Fear (NATIVISM)
• The New York City Draft Riots of 1863
• African American Soldiers
-by 1865 180,000 had joined
-54th Massachusets
• (Ft. Wagner,SC)
– Movie: GLORY
•
Sgt. William Carney
(Congressional Medal of Honor)
UNION
CONFEDERACY
• April 12, 1861
Confederate Troops fire
on Union troops in
Fort Sumter
• April 15th Lincoln calls for
volunteers to
Stop the Rebellion
( Preserve the Union )
• Other States Secede
VA, NC, TN, AR
• Border Slaves States
remain in the Union
DE, MD, KY, MO
• Copper Heads –
Southern sympathizers
in North (Border States)
Civil War 1861-1865
The Union & Confederacy in 1861
CIVIL WAR
Western Campaign
BATTLES
Eastern Campaign
BATTLES
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
“CIVIL WAR”
Western Campaign
BATTLES
Eastern Campaign
BATTLES
1861
Feb - Grant / Tennessee
April - Battle of Shiloh
June - Memphis
- New Orleans
July 4 - Vicksburg Surrenders
Sept - Chickamauga
Nov - Chattanooga
Sherman Attacks Georgia
Sept - Atlanta Captured
* Sherman’s March to the SEA *
1862
July - 1st Battle of Bull Run
March - Monitor v. Merrimac
Aug - 2nd Battle of Bull Run
Sept - Antietam
Dec - Fredericksburg
1863
May - Chancellorsville
July 3 - Gettysburg
1864
March – Grant Eastern Commander
* Lincoln Re-Elected
1865
Grant Wears Down Lee
April - Richmond Surrenders
Civil War Strategy
The UNION “Anaconda” Plan
Capture the
capital of the
Confederacy
(Richmond, VA)
Eastern
Campaign
Western
Campaign
Capture the
Mississippi R.
and Split the
Confederacy
Blockade the
Confederacy
and …
STARVE
TO DEATH!
War Strategies
(Union v. Confederate)
• Union - Anaconda Plan
(Three Prong Attack)
1- capture Richmond (capital)
2- capture Mississippi River
3- Blockade the South (starvation)
• South - War of Attrition
fight to make the other side “QUIT”
• 1st Modern Industrial War
– New War Technologies (mass production)
– Trench Warfare
• Means EXTREMELY HIGH CASUALTIES
North vs. South in 1861
North
South
Advantages
?
?
Disadvantages
?
?
Rating the North & the South
Railroad Lines, 1860
Resources:
North &
the South
Men
for Duty
in the
Civil War
Advantage & Disadvantage
• UNION +
• +population 22 mil.
( 3 X fighting men)
• +90% of Factories
• +2/3 Railroads
• +3/4 countries
Financial resource
• +Civil Leadership
• Disadvantages
• -Poor Military
Leadership
• Difficult Strategy
• CONFEDERATE +
• +Defend it’s soil
• +Better Military
Leadership
• +Used to Guns
• +”King Cotton”
• Disadvantages
• -NO factories
• -Less Resources
• -Poor Civil
Leadership
“CIVIL WAR”
Western Campaign
BATTLES
Eastern Campaign
BATTLES
1861
Feb - Grant / Tennessee
April - Battle of Shiloh
June - Memphis
- New Orleans
July 4 - Vicksburg Surrenders
Sept - Chickamauga
Nov - Chattanooga
Sherman Attacks Georgia
Sept - Atlanta Captured
* Sherman’s March to the SEA *
1862
July - 1st Battle of Bull Run
March - Monitor v. Merrimac
Aug - 2nd Battle of Bull Run
Sept - Antietam
Dec - Fredericksburg
1863
May - Chancellorsville
July 3 - Gettysburg
1864
March – Grant Eastern Commander
* Lincoln Re-Elected
1865
Grant Wears Down Lee
April - Richmond Surrenders