Transcript CivilWar--Moeller

The
Civil War
(1861-1865)
The Union & Confederacy in 1861
North vs. South (1861)
Population (1861)
Railroad Lines (1860)
Men Present for Duty
in the Civil War
Sample Military Service (Ohio)
Immigrants
as a %
of a State’s
Population
in
1860
Creating and Sustaining an Army
Draft, Volunteer,
Substitute
The Leaders of the Confederacy
Pres. Jefferson Davis
VP Alexander Stephens
The Confederate Seal
MOTTO “With God As Our Vindicator”
The “Anaconda” Plan
Anaconda
Defense
Lincoln’s Generals
Irwin McDowell
Winfield Scott
Ambrose Burnside
George McClellan
Ulysses S. Grant
Joseph Hooker
George Meade William T. Sherman
Lincoln of McClellan: “If he is
not using the army, I should
like to borrow it.”
The Confederate Generals
George Pickett
Nathan Bedford
Forrest
Thomas “Stonewall”
Jackson
Robert E. Lee
James Longstreet
Jeb Stuart
Battle of Bull Run
(1st Manassas)
July, 1861
The Battle of the Ironclads,
March, 1862
The Monitor vs.
the Merrimac
Seven Days Battles
June 25-July 1, 1862
Diplomatic Efforts
Cotton diplomacy
John Slidell and James Mason
Trent Affair
Battle of Antietam
September 1862
Battle of Antietam
“Bloodiest Single Day of the War”
September 17, 1862
23,000 casualties
Diplomatic Efforts--continued
Poor showing by CSA at Antietam
made Europe wary of recognizing
their independence.
The passing of the Emancipation
Proclamation ended any chance
Europe would back the CSA.
The
Emancipation
Proclamation
Emancipation in 1863
African-American Recruiting Poster
The Famous 54th Massachusetts
Robert Gould Shaw, was the
white commander of the regiment
Black Troops Freeing Slaves
Congress during the war
Dominated by Republicans
Republican interests prevailed
--promoted business (tariff hike)
--internal improvements (railroads)
--national banking system
Very similar to American System
Extensive Legislation Passed
Without the South in Congress
1861 – Morrill Tariff Act
1862 – Homestead Act
1862 – Legal Tender Act
1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act
1862 – Emancipation Proclamation
(1/1/1863)
1863 – Pacific Railway Act
1863 – National Bank Act
Battle of Fredericksburg
December 1862
Battle of Chancellorsville
May 1863
The War in
the West,
1863:
Vicksburg
Battle of Gettysburg
July 1-3, 1863
Battle of Gettysburg
Pickett’s Charge
“High Water Mark of
the Confederacy”
Later site of famous
Lincoln speech
Gettysburg Casualties
Morale Suffers
as War Drags On
• Draft
• Economy
• Political pressures
The Progress of War:
1861-1865
The North
Initiates the
Draft, 1863
A Northern View of Jeff
Davis
NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)
Inflation in the South
1864 Election
Pres. Lincoln (R)
George McClellan (D)
The Peace Movement:
Copperheads
Clement Vallandigham
1864 Copperhead
Campaign Poster
Cartoon Lampoons
Democratic Copperheads in
1864
Sherman’s
“March
to the
Sea”
through
Georgia,
1864
The Progress of War:
1861-1865
Presidential
Election
Results:
1864
The Final Virginia
Campaign:
1864-1865
Surrender at Appomattox
April 9, 1865
Casualties on Both Sides
Civil War Casualties
in Comparison to Other
Wars
Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)
The Conspiracy
• Conspirators: John
John Wilkes Booth
Wilkes Booth (leader),
Lewis Powell, David
Herold, George
Atzerodt
• Targets: President
Lincoln, Secretary of
State William Seward,
Vice-President
Andrew Johnson,
U.S. Grant
Attempt to Kill Seward
• Lewis Powell, David
Herold
• Seward recuperating
from carriage
accident
• Assassination attempt
at Seward’s home
Attempt to Kill Johnson
• George Atzerodt
• “Only signed up for a
kidnapping”
• Stayed at same hotel
as Johnson; did not
go through with the
shooting
The Assassination
The Hunt for
the
Assassins
--Scores arrested
--Eight finally charged
--Trial by military tribunal in May,
1865 (controversial)
--Four sentenced to die:
Powell, Herold, Atzerodt, Mary
Surratt
--Three were given life in prison
(pardoned in 1869 by Johnson),
one given six years
The Execution
“Now He Belongs to the
Ages”
Secretary of War, Edward Stanton
“Incontestably the greatest
man I ever knew”
--General Ulysses S. Grant