Transcript CIVIL WAR TAH without a

CIVIL WAR
VS.
The South
The North
Northern Advantages
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2/3 of population lived in the North.
22 million supported the North.
Much of manufacturing was in the north.
They had the best railroads.
They had ¾ of the financial resources.
They maintain the navy and the merchant
marines.
Southern Advantages
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The states were compacted to fight.
They fought defensively on their own terrain.
They had the best military leadership.
They had better soldiers.
Causes for the Civil War
 North was developing
into small farms,
busy factories and
growing cities
 South became an
agricultural empire
with cotton
 The South wouldn’t
cooperate with the
National government
Causes for the Civil War
 The North wanted to
preserve the Union
and they didn’t worry
about slavery
 The South wanted to
preserve their state
rights and
independence.
Causes for the Civil War
 The Southern States thought that they had
the right to secede.
 The South was more aristocratic and the
North was more democratic
The Southern States that Ceded
from the Union
 February, 1861 the South ceded
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into the Confederate States of
America
South Carolina
Mississippi
Florida
Alabama
Georgia
Louisiana and Texas
In May, North Carolina,
Tennessee, Arkansas and Virginia
secede
Causes for the Civil War
I worked night and day for twelve years to
prevent the war, but I could not. The North
was mad and blind, would not let us govern
ourselves, and so the war came.
 Jefferson Davis became
the President of
Confederacy
 The Confederacy began
to seize federal buildings
The Southern States that Ceded
from the Union
 Fort Sumter was
fought over on
April 6,1861 and
the Civil War
began.
 Robert E. Lee left
the Union Army
to lead the
Confederate
Army
These people must be aware that their
object is both unlawful and foreign to
them and to their duty, and that this
institution, for which they are
irresponsible and non-accountable, can
only be changed by them through the
agency of a civil and servile war.
Abraham Lincoln
A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe
this government cannot endure permanently half-slave
and half-free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved
- I do not expect the house to fall - but I do expect it
will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or
all the other."
In 1858, Lincoln debated that slavery was
morally and politically wrong
His goal was to preserve, protect and
defend the Constitution.
'House-Divided'
Speech in Springfield, Illinois, June 16, 1858.
Gettysburg Address
"...that we here highly resolve that these dead shall
not have died in vain; that this nation, under God,
shall have a new birth of freedom;
and that this government
of the people, by the people, for the people,
shall not perish from the earth."
Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, November 19, 1863.
The Emancipation Proclamation
 The slaves were freed on January 1, 1863
 The North now fought for freedom of people.
 The proclamation applied only to areas held by
the Confederacy (South).
Emancipation Proclamation
 Abraham Lincoln
signed the
Emancipation
Proclamation which
freed the slaves.
Emancipation Proclamation freed the slaves
on January 1, 1863
Abraham Lincoln and his Cabinet
Painted by F.B. Carpenter; engraved by A. H. Ritchie
Emancipation Proclamation
Slaves were freed in 1863 by
Abraham Lincoln
Emancipation Proclamation
(excerpt)
“And by virtue of the power and for the
purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare
that all persons held as slaves within said
designated States and parts of States are,
and henceforward shall be, free; and that
the Executive Government of the United
States, including the military and naval
authorities thereof, will recognize and
maintain the freedom of said persons.”
Why did President Lincoln
free the slaves?
Battle of Bull Run
 Confederate Capital became Richmond,
Virginia
 Bull Run was outside of Washington D. C.
(1st battle that Union lost)
 The Union lost the battle and they were
forced to retreat
 George B. McClellan led the army at the
Potomac
General Ulysses Grant
 General Ulysses S. Grant led the Union troops in
Mississippi and Tennessee.
 Grant knew he had to capture Vicksburg.
Civil War Battles
 Battle of Antietam
highest casualty rate
(5,000) people died.
 Battle of Vicksburg a
Union victory
 Battle of Gettysburg
51,000 were killed
 General Ulysses S.
Grant took command
of the Union Soldiers
Civil War Battles
 General William
Tecumseh Sherman led
the troops in Georgia
 Burning of Atlanta
destroyed the morale of
the South
 General Sherman moved
to Raleigh, North Carolina
and it was the end of the
South
End of the Civil War
 April 1, 1865, Lee
surrenders to Union
 At Appomattox
Courthouse, the
Confederates officially
surrendered
End of the Civil War
Lincoln
was
assassinated by John
Wilkes Booth at Ford’s
Theater
Tell mother, tell mother, I died
for my country... useless...
useless.
John Wilkes Boothe
End of the Civil War
 600,000 people were killed in the Civil War
 Slavery ended
 North became an Industrial power
Women in the Civil War
 Women ran the plantations and the factories
while the men fought the war
 Some women were soldiers and spies
 Dorothea Dix led the Superintendent of Nurses
and changed the way the men were treated
during the war
Women in the Civil War
 Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, first woman
to finished medical school, helped
with war effort
Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell
 Clara Barton formed the American
Red Cross.
Clara Barton
th
13
Amendment
The reading of the Emancipation Proclamation
 abolished slavery
 President Lincoln signed the
amendment in 1865.
th
14
Amendment
 Ruled that all
slaves were free.
They were entitled
to due process of
rights and equal
protection under
the law.
Slaves were free.
15th Amendment
 gave all Americans the right to vote.
Standard 12. 5
reated by L. Carreon
Laws that limit the
political power of African-Americans
 The Black Codeslaws adopted by
former Confederates
after the Civil War to
limit the freedom of
former slaves.
 Poll Tax-pay a tax to
vote
Laws that limit the
political power of African-Americans
 Literacy Test- read a test to vote
 Jim Crows Laws- laws were adopted in
South to enforce segregation.
 Grandfather Clause- grandfather had to
vote on last election
“Without a struggle, there can be no progress.”
Frederick Douglass
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
 Homer Plessy, who was 7/8
Homer Plessy
white, wanted to sit in all white
train.
 Plessy sued because he
thought his 14th amendment
rights were being violated.
 The Supreme Court ruled that
separate but equal in
facilities and services was
legal.
Plessy v. Ferguson Ruling
It held that "separate but equal"
accommodations did not violate Plessy's
rights and that the law did not stamp the
"colored race with a badge of inferiority."
This decision paved the
way for segregation.
Judge Taney
Supreme Court Justice
Results of the Civil War
 Union is united.
 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments were
passed.
 Civil Rights Act of 1866 weakened the
black codes.
 Freedman’s Bureau of 1866-helped the
blacks find jobs and go to school.
 The rise of the Ku Klux Klan.
Results of the Civil War
 Creation of Black Universities
 Southern Economy totally
destroyed.
 1st Reconstruction Act:
 Southern States would be
governed by a military governor
 Hold open elections
 Ratified the 14th Amendment
 Then the southern states could
be admitted into the union.