Transcript Slide 1

The
Crisis
of
Union
"...but one of them would make war
rather than let the nation survive,
and the other would accept war rather
than let it perish,
and the war came."
Abraham Lincoln
2nd Inaugural Address, 4th March 1865
MEXICAN WAR – 1846-1848
UNITED STATES - 1840
DAVID WILMOT
REPRESENTATIVE
PENNSYLVANIA
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_Slave_Free_1789-1861.gif
JOHN C. CALHOUN, SOUTH CAROLINA
ZACHARY TAYLOR
WHIG
LEWIS CASS
DEMOCRAT
WINNER: ZACHARY TAYLOR
MARTIN VAN BUREN
FREE SOIL PARTY
ZACHARY TAYLOR
WAR HERO
MEXICAN WAR
LOUISIANA SLAVE
OWNER (MORE THAN
100)
OPPOSED SPREAD OF
SLAVERY INTO NEW
TERRITORIES
DIED MYSTERIOUSLY WHILE IN OFFICE, AFTER
ONLY 16 MONTHS AS PRESIDENT
(GASTROENTERITIS)
DAUGHTER SARAH
KNOX TAYLOR
MARRIED JEFFERSON
DAVIS, FUTURE
PRESIDENT OF
CONFEDERACY (SHE
DIED 3 MONTHS INTO
MARRIAGE OF
MALARIA)
G
O
L
D
SITE OF FIRST GOLD DISCOVERY BY JAMES MARSHALL
JAN 24, 1848
MODERN
RECONSTRUCTION
SUTTER’S MILL
SAN FRANCISCO HARBOR – MERCHANT SHIPS, 1850-1851
TODAY
$1893.00
$961.00
$1406.00
$2582.00
"The California Gold Rush, 1849" EyeWitness to History, www.eyewitnesstohistory.com (2003).
Sheldon Schufelt, California 49er
TODAY’S COST
$2,861.00
$34.33
$28.61/LB
$228.29/GALLON
"The California Gold Rush, 1849" EyeWitness to History, www.eyewitnesstohistory.com (2003).
SENATOR
HENRY CLAY
KENTUCKY
BECOMES KNOWN
AS THE
GREAT
COMPROMISER
ORIGINAL AUTHOR OF
COMPROMISE 1850
GENERAL
WINFIELD SCOTT
NEW JERSEY
WHIG CANDIDATE
PRESIDENT 1852
ELECTION
SENATOR
DANIEL WEBSTER
MASSACHUSETTS
URGED FOR COMPROMISE
STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS
ILLINOIS SENATOR
REVISED COMPROMISE
OF 1850
INCREASINGLY POPULAR
AND WILL RUN FOR
PRESIDENT AGAINST
LINCOLN (DATED MARY
TODD LINCOLN)
“LITTLE GIANT”
Forcing Slavery Down the Throat of a Freesoiler An 1856 cartoon depicts a giant
free soiler being held down by James Buchanan and Lewis Cass standing on the
Democratic platform marked "Kansas", "Cuba" and "Central America". Franklin
Pierce also holds down the giant's beard as Douglas shoves a black man down his
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas
throat.
FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW
POSTER, 1851
BOSTON, MA
Battle Hymn of the Republic (Union) -Julia Ward Howe, 1861Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord,
He hath trampled out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are
stored.
He hath loosed the fatefu8l lightning of his terrible swift sword.
His truth is marching on.
Glory, glory halleluja.
Glory, glory halleluja.
Glory, glory halleluja, his truth is marching on.
**During the early days of the Civil War, Howe heard
Union soldiers singing John Brown's Body. The melody stayed with
her and she wrote the words to this song in 1861.
Dixie (Confederacy) -Daniel D. Emmet, 1859I wish I was in the land of cotton, old times there are not forgotten,
look away, look away, look away, Dixieland.
In Dixieland where I was born in, early on one frosty mornin', look
away, look away, look away, Dixieland.
Then I wish I was in Dixie, hooray, hooray.
In Dixieland I'll take my stand, to live and die in Dixie.
Away, away, away down south in Dixie.
Away, away, away down south in Dixie.
***This song was originally written for a traveling minstrel show. It
became popular with Confederate troops during the Civil War.
THE EVE
OF WAR
OMAHA, NEBRASKA TO SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA
COMPLETED 1869
http://teachingamericanhistory.org/neh/interactives/sectionalism/
lesson3/
 DID
AWAY WITH MISSOURI
COMPROMISE (1820)—36/30’ LATITUDE
LINE
 TURNED RAILROAD ISSUE INTO SLAVE
ISSUE
 SOLIDIFIED NORTHERNERS AND
SOUTHERNERS BELIEFS TOWARD
SLAVERY; EACH WENT FURTHER
TOWARD EITHER EXTREME
 “I
KEM TO KANSAS TO LIVE IN A FREE
STATE,” DECLARED A MINISTER, “AND I
DON’T WANT NIGGERS A-TRAMPIN’
OVER MY GRAVE
 “BORDER RUFFIANS” VOWED TO KILL
EVERY “GOD-DAMNED ABOLITIONIST
IN THE TERRITORY”
 BY 1860- ONLY 627 BLACK AMERICANS
IN KANSAS TERRITORY
 “BLEEDING
KANSAS”
 “BLEEDING SUMNER”
 “BULLY BROOKS”
 Born a slave in Virginia (1800)
 Lived in free and slave states
 When his master died in 1843 his
wife, Harriet,
convinced him to file suit in Missouri courts,
arguing for freedom
 Supreme Court:
Scott remains a slave
Slaves are not citizens and have no rights
Citizens can have slaves in any states; no laws by
congress can prevent this
This essentially un-does all compromise up to that
point!!!
 No
person shall be held to answer for a
capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless
on presentment or indictment of a Grand
Jury, except in cases arising in the land or
naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual
service in time of War or public danger; nor
shall any person be subject for the same
offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or
limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal
case to be a witness against himself, nor be
deprived of life, liberty, or property, without
due process of law; nor shall private
property be taken for public use, without
just compensation.[
 Ran
against one another senator and later
for president
 7 debates between Aug. 21-Oct. 15, 1858
 Douglas: “there was a physical difference
between the white and black races that
would forever forbid the two races from
living together on terms of social and
political equality”
 Lincoln: said blacks did have an “equal”
right to freedom and the fruits of their
labor
 Whatever
the Supreme Court said about
slavery, it couldn’t exist anywhere unless
supported by local police regulations,
according to Douglas (Lincoln had asked
question regarding how Douglas would
reconcile the notion of popular
sovereignty given the Dred Scott ruling
that citizens had the right to carry slaves
into any territory)
Armory Guard House and Fire Engine circa 1862 (now known as John Brown's Fort)
[Image Courtesy of: Historic Photo Collection, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park]
“I, John
Brown, am
now quite
certain that
the crimes of
this guilty land
will never be
purged away
but with
Blood”
ELECTION OF 1860-LINCOLN WASN’T EVEN ON THE BALLOT IN MOST
SOUTHERN STATES