Transcript 1 notes – strategies, leaders

Group Seek & Find
1. Preparing for War
• P. 360 – 362
Northern
Southern
• Make & Fill in your
Resources
Resources
chart of Resources
(Strengths)
(Strengths)
(strengths) of the
North & South
• Make & Fill in your
Southern
chart of the Strategies Northern
Strategies
Strategies
of the North & South
Northern
(Resources)
Strengths
Southern
(Resources)
Strengths
Rating the North & the South
Northern Strengths
Southern Strengths
• Existing army and
navy
• Large population
could provide more
soldiers and workers
• More factories to
produce supplies
• Experienced military
commanders (best
generals)
• Fighting for a strong
belief in selfgovernment and their
way of life
• Needed only to
defend territory, not to
attack
Northern Strategies Southern Strategies
Northern Strategies Southern Strategies
• Use blockade to
prevent south from
trading
• Gain control of the
Mississippi River
(Anaconda Plan)
• Capture Confederate
capital of Richmond,
Virginia
• Prepare and wait,
hoping union will not
pursue war
• Push back Union
attacks until
Northerners lose the
will to fight
• Gain support of
European countries
Statistics Refresh: Who had
the advantage?
Anaconda Plan
• Surround the
south, and cut
off it’s supplies
( a huge siege)
• The Anaconda
Plan
THE ANACONDA PLAN
• Union General Winfield Scott developed
the first major Union strategy in the
Civil War, the Anaconda Plan. Under the
Anaconda Plan, the Union planned to
blockade ports in the South while taking
control of the land around the
Mississippi river, effectively cutting off
the South’s supply and distribution lines.
1.) Outline the Mississippi River in blue
2.) Make red dots on the ports that were to be blockage/captured
3.) Make a purple dot on the Confederate capitol
4.) Shade the area that was to be contained by the Anaconda Plan
Questions
•
What waterways and ports did Scott propose blocking?
Waterways - Atlantic Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico as well as
the Mississippi River; Forts Jackson and Saint Philip
•
What was the ultimate goal of Scott’s Anaconda Plan?
Gain control of the Mississippi in order to cut the South’s
supply lines and distribution lines
•
In what way might Scott’s Anaconda Plan have led to the
quick defeat of the Confederacy?
A successful execution of the Anaconda Plan would have left
the South w/o the resources necessary to continue fighting
•
What is meant by the metaphor of the ‘anaconda’?
Constricting the South, much like an anaconda constricts its
prey, until its life lines, or supplies, are cut off
Weapon Explanation
1.)
2.) Modern War
A war in which
advancements
in technology
increase
casualty rates
2.)
3.)
4.)
5.)
6.)
7.)
Modern Warfare
Colt Revolver:
fires 6 times without
reloading
Modern Warfare
Repeating Rifle:
fires 7 times without
reloading & more
accurate
Modern Warfare
Rapid fire gun
fires 65 times per minute
Modern Warfare
Gatling Gun
machine gun… 600
rounds per minute
Modern Warfare
Bullets with rifling
(grooves) :
More accurate, cause
more damage
Gangrene Infection
from war wound
Surgical Instruments
Red Cross Nurses
Modern Warfare
Shell
hollow casing filled with
black powder – fuse to
ignite
Modern Warfare
Ironclad Ship
Iron plates cover wooden
ship… bullet proof!
3. Union Leaders
Ulysses S Grant = Head
a. _____________
general of Union forces
i. Strategy =
War of Attrition
_____________…
fight
to the last man standing
•
•
Characterized by high
casualty rates
Side with more resources
wins
William T. Sherman
b. _________________
=
general of Union forces
i. Strategy =
Scorched Earth
_______________
Policy
_______________ … burn
anything that might be
useful to the enemy
ii. Infamous for
Sherman’s March
_________________
:
captured Atlanta and
burned everything as
troops marched to
Savannah
“There
are
few, I believe,
in
Is it not strange
that the
descendants
of those
this enlightened age, who will
Pilgrim Fathers who crossed the Atlantic to
not acknowledge that slavery
preserve their as
ownanfreedom
haveisalways
proved
institution
a moral
and
the most intolerant
of the
spiritual
libertyE.ofLee
political
evil.”
– Robert
others?
4. Confederate Leaders
Jefferson Davis = President
a. _______________
of Confederacy
Robert E. Lee
b. ______________________
=
head general of Confederate
forces
i. Opposed to secession
ii. turned down Lincoln’s offer to
lead Union forces
Defensive War
iii. strategy = _______________
* do not need to win… just need to
tire out North
c.
Thomas J. “Stonewall”
Jackson
__________________
Confederate General
=
i.
Strategy: uses cavalry to
outflank enemy and attack
supply line
ii. Accidentally shot and killed
by his own troops
"Give General Jackson
my affectionate regards,
and say to him: he has
lost his left arm but I my
right." – Robert E. Lee
Songs of the Civil War
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_Hymn_of_the_Republic
Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord;
He is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are
stored;
He hath loosed the fateful lightning of His terrible swift sword;
His truth is marching on.
Glory, glory, hallelujah!
Listen
His truth is marching on.
Full version of Battle Hymn of the Republic by Julia Ward Howe
Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord
He is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored,
He has loosed the fateful lightening of His terrible swift sword
Chorus:
His truth is marching on.
Glory! Glory! Hallelujah!
Glory! Glory! Hallelujah!
Glory! Glory! Hallelujah!
His truth is marching on
I have seen Him in the watch-fires of a hundred circling camps
They have builded Him an altar in the evening dews and damps
I can read His righteous sentence by the dim and flaring lamps
Chorus
I have read a fiery gospel writ in burnish`d rows of steel,
"As ye deal with my contemners, So with you my grace shall deal;"
Let the Hero, born of woman, crush the serpent with his heel
Chorus
He has sounded forth the trumpet that shall never call retreat
He is sifting out the hearts of men before His judgment-seat
Oh, be swift, my soul, to answer Him! be jubilant, my feet!
Chorus
In the beauty of the lilies Christ was born across the sea,
With a glory in His bosom that transfigures you and me:
As He died to make men holy, let us die to make men free,
John Brown’s Song
•
•
•
•
•
•
Old John Brown’s body lies moldering in the grave,
While weep the sons of bondage whom he ventured all to save;
But tho he lost his life while struggling for the slave,
His soul is marching on.
John Brown was a hero, undaunted, true and brave,
And Kansas knows his valor when he fought her rights to save;
Now, tho the grass grows green above his grave,
His soul is marching on.
He captured Harper’s Ferry, with his nineteen men so few,
And frightened "Old Virginny" till she trembled thru and thru;
They hung him for a traitor, themselves the traitor crew,
But his soul is marching on.
John Brown was John the Baptist of the Christ we are to see,
Christ who of the bondmen shall the Liberator be,
And soon thruout the Sunny South the slaves shall all be free,
For his soul is marching on.
The conflict that he heralded he looks from heaven to view,
On the army of the Union with its flag red, white and blue.
And heaven shall ring with anthems o’er the deed they mean to
do, For his soul is marching on.
Ye soldiers of Freedom, then strike, while strike ye may,
The death blow of oppression in a better time and way,
For the dawn of old John Brown has brightened into day,
And his soul is marching on.
Listen
Oh, I wish I was in the land of cotton,
Cinnamon seed and sandy bottom,
Look away, look away, look away Dixie Land.
In Dixie Land, where I was born in,
Early on one frosty mornin’
Look away, look away, look away Dixie Land
I wish I was in Dixie, Hooray! Hooray!
To live and die in Dixie
Away, away, away down south in Dixie
Away, away, away down south in Dixie
Full Version of Dixie
O, I wish I was in the land of cotton
Old times there are not forgotten
Look away! Look away! Look away! Dixie Land.
In Dixie Land where I was born in
Early on one frosty mornin'
Look away! Look away! Look away! Dixie Land.
Chorus:
O, I wish I was in Dixie!
Hooray! Hooray!
In Dixie Land I'll take my stand
To live and die in Dixie
Away, away,
Away down south in Dixie!
Old Missus marry Will, the weaver,
William was a gay deceiver
Look away! Look away!
Look away! Dixie Land.
But when he put his arm around her
He smiled as fierce as a forty pounder
Look away! Look away!
Look away! Dixie Land.
Chorus
His face was sharp as a butcher's cleaver
But that did not seem to grieve her
Look away! Look away!
Look away! Dixie Land.
Old Missus acted the foolish part
And died for a man that broke her heart
Look away! Look away!
Look away! Dixie Land.
Chorus
Questions:
1. Why do you think poet Julia Ward Howe
changed the lyrics to “John Brown’s Body” to
“The Battle Hymn of the Republic”?
2. Analyze Lyrics: Why do you think Union
soldiers found “The Battle Hymn of the
Republic” so inspiring?
3. Draw Inferences: Why might Lincoln have
asked for “Dixie” to be played when the war
ended?