Transcript Civil War – 1861 to 1865

Civil War 1861-1865
Causes of the Civil War
– Federalism/Strong Union (North) versus individual
states rights and limited central government (South).
– Issue of Slavery – Compromises weren’t working
• Missouri Compromise: Maine free
state/Missouri slave state. Territories wanted
statehood. BALANCE!
• Moral Issue vs. Property/Ownership Issue
Causes - Continued
• Southern States begin to succeed from the Union.
– February, 1860: Declare themselves a new nation:
the Confederate States of America
– Drafted a constitution similar to the US constitution
except that states were independent and guaranteed
the existence of slavery.
– Jefferson Davis elected Confederate President.
– South Carolina first state to succeed from the
Union.
War Begins
• US Fort Sumter in South Carolina – Davis didn’t want
Federal soldiers in the south. Confederacy takes
control of the Fort and first shots fired starting the
Civil War on April 12, 1861.
• Turning Point: Page 306
• In 1861, the western regions of Virginia split with the
eastern portion politically, and the two were never
reconciled as a single state again. In 1863, the western
region was admitted to the Union as a new separate
state.
Key People
Advantages
President
Abe Lincoln
Strong Navy –
Warships & Shipyards
Generals
Higher population to
draw troops from.
George B.
McClellan
Civil War: 1861-1865
Ulysses S.
Grant
NORTH – UNION
(GREY)
90% of nation’s
factories were in the
north.
Believed in preservation of
the Union - a strong central
government and ending
slavery.
More railroad tracks to
distribute food and
supplies.
George
Meade
War Strategy
Anaconda Plan: Union
blockade Confederate
ports and send
gunboats down the
Mississippi to divide the
conspiracy and deplete
their resources. (Like
an anaconda snake that
slowly strangles its prey
to death.)
Financing the War:
•Controlled national
treasury.
•Large reserves of cash
•Legal Tender Act of
1862: National currency &
issue paper money
(Greenbacks)
Key People
Advantages
President
Jefferson Davis
Strong military tradition
and training.
Generals
Robert E.
Lee
Stonewall
Jackson
War Strategy
A defensive war of
attrition and force the
North to use up their
resources and get tired
of the war. Pick battles
carefully and avoid large
battles to avoid huge
losses.
7 of the 8 military
colleges were in the
south.
Civil War: 1861-1865
SOUTH –
CONFEDERATE
(BLUE)
Believed in states’ rights
and a limited central
government’s power.
Wanted slavery to continue.
Weaknesses
Weak central
government – hard to
conduct war.
Financing the War:
•Inability to raise money
through taxes (refused
to pay).
•Printed worthless
money led to 9,000%
inflation.
Less people, industry,
railroads and resources.
Seceding States, 1860-61
Civil War Technology
• New bullets/better accuracy
• Telegraph/better & faster communication
• Balloons/better way to spy on the other
side
• Ironclads/armor-plated steamships-more
solid
• Trench warfare developed
Civil War
Key People
President
Abraham
Lincoln
- 16th President
- Elected President 1860
- President during Civil War
- Leader of the Union.
- Emancipation Proclamation
- Gettysburg Address/2-Minute
speech given on November 19,
1863
-Assassinated on April 14, 1865
Robert E. Lee
- One of the most respected
senior officers in the United
States Army.
- Decided to stay loyal to his
home state of Virginia - which
had seceded from the Union.
-Commander of the
Confederate Army
Civil War
Key Terms/Words
Key Words/Terms
• Greenbacks: This is what the Legal Tender
Act’s national currency and government issued
money was nicknamed.
• Copperheads: Nickname for the Peace
Democrats. Opposed the war and called for
reuniting the states through negotiation. Seen
as traitors by the Republicans.
Key Words/Terms
• Conscription: Forcing people into military
service.
• Writs of Habeas Corpus: The suspension of a
person’s right not be imprisoned unless charged
with a crime and given a trial.
• Attrition: The wearing down of one side by the
other side through exhaustion of soldiers and
resources.
Key Words/Terms
Key Words/Terms