Transcript Power Point on causes of Civil War

United States History I
Chapter 10-4: “Causes of the
American Civil War”
Standards 1.2-1.8
Sectionalism and the Roots of
Conflict
• During the 1800’s, the northern and
southern “sections” of the United States
began to grow apart socially and
economically
• North: Industry
• South: Cash Crops: Cotton/Tobacco
The Missouri Compromise: 1820
• 60,000 People needed in area/territory
before it can apply for statehood
• 1820: 11 Slave and 11 Free States
• Missouri applied for statehood
– Balance of power would be offset one way or
the other. Will Missouri be slave or free?
– Who cares? Why would this be important for
political power? Discussion
Missouri Compromise: 1820
• *Maine also applied for statehood at the same time:
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PROBLEM SOLVED… for now
See map of U.S. Maine vs. Missouri
Compromise: Giving a little of something in order to get
a little bit of something you want
Missouri Compromise: Maine is admitted as a free state
while Missouri enters the UNION as a slave state: State
Count = 12-12
Future? 36-30 Line Established: Anything North would be
Free and Everything South would be slave
Missouri Compromise Map: 1820
California Gold Rush: 1849
• 1848: Gold is found in the mountains of
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California
1849: People RUSH out to California in order to
find gold (49ers’) Sound Familiar?
California all of sudden had enough people to
become a state. Most people wanted California
to become a free state!
Slave states become angry and threaten to leave
the Union!!
Compromise of 1850
• After nine months of heated debate…
• Henry Clay: “The Great Compromiser” suggests…
– 1. California be allowed to enter Union as a free
state: South angry…
– 2. Territories of Utah and New Mexico established w/o
restrictions on slavery: North angry
– 3. Slave trade was abolished in Washington D.C.
– 4. Strict Fugitive Slave Law was passed: Said that
fugitive slaves HAD to be reported to the authorities.
So…If you lived in Indiana and knew that a fugitive
slave was around and did not report it, you were
breaking the law! Northerners very angry at this law!!
– 13 Free to 12 Slave States
Uncle Tom’s Cabin: 1852
• Harriet Beecher Stowe: Abolitionist who lived in
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Cincinnati, Ohio. Was a contemporary of
Frederick Douglas.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin: Book that exposed slavery
for what it really was and infuriated slave
owners in the south.
• Eliza and the Horrors of Slavery
• *What does it mean when someone is referred
to as an Uncle Tom?
The Mighty Ohio River
Kansas-Nebraska Act: 1854
• Stephen Douglas: Senator IL
• Wanted to build a transcontinental RR through Chicago
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(Economics)
Two new territories created: Kansas and Nebraska: Both
ABOVE the 36-30 Line!
Kansas-Nebraska Act: Douglas wanted to scrap the 3630 line and leave the fate of all future states up to
POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY: Let the people choose
1854: A group of northern politicians become so angry
that they form a new political party called the Republican
Party
Kansas Nebraska Act: 1854
Bleeding Kansas: 1854-1857
• Two groups “moved” into Kansas in an attempt
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to sway the vote for a constitution that met their
needs
Anti-Slavery: Lawrence
Pro-Slavery: Lecompton
*After some Pro-Slavery supporters attacked
and killed some abolitionists. John Brown and
his sons killed at least five Pro-Slavery people.
*Open fighting broke out and lasted a few years.
Dred Scott Case: 1857
• Background: Dred Scott was a slave who was
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owned by a slave owner in Missouri. His owner
was in the army and spent time in Wisconsin
and Illinois. When his owner died, the state of
Missouri tried to sell Dred Scott as property
Case: Dred Scott sued for his freedom and lost
because he was “property”
-Roger Taney: -Could not sue because he was
not a citizen
-Congress could NOT ban slavery in new
territories
Illinois Senate Race of 1858
• Illinois Senate seat was up for election
• Stephen Douglas was incumbent: already held seat
• Abraham Lincoln: Republican: Challenged Douglas to a
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series of debates all over the state of Illinois
Douglas: Believed in Popular Sovereignty
Lincoln: Wanted to stop the SPREAD of slavery to new
territories: “Contain it”
*LINCOLN LOST THE ELECTION BUT GAINED
POPULARITY WITH MANY NORTHERNERS
*THIS SET THE STAGE FOR HIM TO RUN FOR
PRESIDENT IN 1860!
HARPER’S FERRY: 1859
• JOHN BROWN: Wanted to start a slave revolt in
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the state of Virginia
-Attacked a U.S. Army Arsenal at Harper’s Ferry,
Virginia
-No slaves joined the revolt
-Brown was captured by Robert E. Lee
-Brown was hanged for “treason”
*Many in North saw Brown as a Martyr: Hero
*Many in the South saw Brown as an extremist
Election of 1860
• By 1860, the United States was very
separated by Regional, Political, and
Economic differences.
• Election: Abraham Lincoln (IL): Republican
• -Stephen Douglas (IL): Northern Democrat
• -John C. Breckinridge (KY): Southern
Democrat
• -John Bell (TN): Constitutional Union Party
Election of 1860
• Lincoln gained most of his support in the North
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while Breckinridge got his from the South
*Many in the southern states hated Lincoln and
vowed to leave the Union if he was elected:
They thought that he would end slavery for
good (THAT WAS THEIR DECISION TO MAKE,
NOT HIS!)
-Abraham Lincoln won the election by a count of
180 Electoral Votes to 72 (Breckinridge)
Secession!!!
• South Carolina left the Union on December
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20th, 1860: Claimed they did it for “State’s
Rights”
February 1st, 1861: Mississippi, Florida,
Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas
joined South Carolina: *Did it to defend
“American Rights” like the colonist during the
revolution of 1776
*John J. Crittenden (KY): wanted to reach a
last minute “Compromise” Reestablish 36 30
• Crittenden’s Compromise did not work
Confederate States of America are
Born! (CSA)
• February 8th, 1861: Montgomery, Alabama
• -REBEL states get together and form the
Confederate States of America
• -Declared each state independent
• -*Jefferson Davis: Became the first
President of the CSA
Ft. Sumter, S.C.
• Ft. Sumter: a Union fort in “Confederate”
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territory (South Carolina)
-Major Robert Anderson: Commander: Asked
Lincoln for supplies
*If Lincoln refuses to send supplies and
abandons the fort, then he acknowledges the
CSA’s right to exist. If he sends supplies, then
he risks war! Lincoln sends supplies
April 12th, 1861: Confederate forces attack Ft.
Sumter
*The American Civil War had begun!
“Upper South” Secedes
• After Ft. Sumter, Virginia, Arkansas, North
Carolina, and Tennessee left the Union
• *CSA Capital moved to Richmond, Virginia
(100 Miles Away from Washington D.C.)
Habeas Corpus and the Border
States
• Lincoln was worried the rest of the slave states
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would also leave the Union
He suspended writs of Habeas Corpus: right to
be charged with a crime within 24 hours of
being arrested: and declared Marshall Law
(Curfew) in order to prevent this
Kentucky, Missouri, Delaware, West Virginia
(Broke Away from Virginia), and Maryland (If
Maryland left, then D.C. was already surrounded
by the enemy) were the five slave states that
DID NOT leave the Union: AKA Border States
Which States Left the Union? 11
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CSA:
1. S.C.
2. N.C.
3. Virginia
4. Tennessee
5. Mississippi
6. Georgia
7. Florida
8. Louisiana
9. Texas
10. Alabama
11. Arkansas
Who stayed loyal? 24 Total
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Border States:
1. Kentucky
2. Delaware
3. Missouri
4. W. Virginia
5. Maryland
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Non-Slave Union
1. Indiana
2. Illinois
3. Iowa
4. Wisconsin
5. Minnesota
6. Kansas
7. Oregon
8. California
9. Michigan
10. Pennsylvania
11. New York
12. New Jersey
13. Connecticut
14. Rhode Island
15. Massachusetts
16. Ohio
17. Vermont
18. New Hampshire
19. Maine
Map of U.S. During Civil War