Transcript Longman Social Studies, Unit 6: A New Nation

Longman Social Studies, Unit 6:
A New Nation
(from 1789 to 1900)
Lesson 1
The First Presidency
Settlers and Explorers
Westward Movement
The Abolitionists
Lesson 2
The Civil War
Reconstruction
The Reservation System
The Industrial Age
Places and Key Events in Unit 6
Places
Missouri River
Columbia River
Oregon Trail
Fort Sumter
Confederate States of America
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
Ford’s Theater, Washington, D.C.
Little Big Horn, Montana
Wounded Knee, South Dakota
Key Events
Westward Expansion
California Gold Rush
The Civil War
Reconstruction
The reservation system
The Industrial Age
The First Presidency (pp. 206-207)
In 1789 George Washington
became the first president of the
U.S.
The new government made a
Constitution with ten amendments
called the Bill of Rights.
As president, Washington had to
pay off a national debt from war.
His vice-president was John Adams.
Washington had a group of advisers
to help him. This group was called
his cabinet.
Washington was president for 8
years.
John Adams was the second
president.
Settlers and Explorers (pp. 208-209)
As the new nation was created,
settlers started to move west to
own land to farm.
Settlers who moved west to find
new territories were called
pioneers.
In 1804 President Thomas Jefferson
(the 3rd president of the U.S.) sent
Meriwether Lewis and William Clark,
to explore the territory west of the
Mississippi River. Lewis and Clark
took a group of men with them.
Lewis and Clark set out from St.
Louis, Missouri and traveled on the
Missouri River. They wanted to
reach the Pacific Ocean.
They met many Native American
tribes on their journey.
The Route of Lewis and Clark’s Expedition
Westward Movement, pp. 210-211
In the 1840s thousands of pioneers
traveled west in wagon trains on
the Oregon Trail.
In 1848 gold was found in San
Francisco. Many people traveled to
the west hoping to get rich. This
was called the gold rush.
Pioneers kept in touch with their
families in the east through the
Pony Express.
Buffalo lived in North America for
thousands of years. The Europeans
brought cattle to North America.
The cattle ate grass, so many
buffalo died. Native Americans ate
buffalo and made their clothes from
buffalo.
In the 1860s the U.S built railroads
across the U.S. continent. Irish and
Chinese immigrants worked on
the railroads.
Hunting Buffalo
(The Buffalo and Ms. Velázquez in the Black Hills of South Dakota)
The Abolitionists (pp. 212-213)
By the early 1850s Americans who
lived in the North did not agree with
Americans in the South.
Northerners worked in industry.
They wanted to abolish slavery
because the Constitution said
people had the right to be free.
The abolitionists spoke out
against slavery.
Southerners did not want to stop
slavery because they needed slaves
to work on their plantations.
Frederick Douglass was a former
slave and an abolitionist. He
learned to read and published an
anti-slavery newspaper.
By 1860 the U.S. became more and
more divided: some states were
slave states and some were free
states.
Free States and Slave States Before
and During the Civil War
The Civil War (pp. 220-221)
Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president,
became president in 1860.
By 1861, eleven states below the
Mason-Dixon Line had seceded
(left) from the Union (the North).
They wanted to become a separate
country called the Confederate
States of America or the
Confederacy.
The Civil War began with a battle at
Fort Sumter in South Carolina on
April 12, 1861.
The Union won an important battle
at Gettysburg in Pennsylvania.
More than 50,000 soldiers died or
were wounded. Pres. Lincoln gave
a famous speech, the Gettysburg
Address, to honor the men who died
there.
The Civil War (pp. 220-221)
Cont’d
The Civil War lasted 4 years (18611865).
General Ulysses S. Grant was the
commander-in-chief of the Union
army. General Robert E. Lee was
the commander-in-chief of the
Confederate army.
The Union won many battles under
General Grant.
On April 9, 1865, Gen. Lee
surrendered, and the Civil War
ended.
On April 14, 1865, John Wilkes
Booth assassinated Lincoln while he
was watching a play at Ford’s
Theater in Washington, D.C. Booth
was a supporter of the
Confederacy.
General Ulysses S. Grant of the Union Army
General Robert E. Lee of the Confederate Army
President Abraham Lincoln Visiting the Soldiers in the Union Army
John Wilkes Booth, Abraham Lincoln’s assassin
American Civil War Map
The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln in Ford’s
Theater in Washington, D.C. on April 14, 1865
Because of the Civil War, much of
the South was destroyed.
Reconstruction (p. 222)
The Reconstruction period was from
1865 to 1877. The government
wanted to rebuild the south.
The 11 states that wanted to secede
from the Union had to be brought
back into the Union.
Southern leaders wanted to pass
laws that stopped African Americans
from voting and working.
They wanted to keep African
Americans segregated.
Congress passed amendments to
the Constitution to help African
Americans: 14th Amendment: states
cannot deny rights to citizens; 15th
Amendment: all men have the right
to vote.
Reconstruction of the South After the Civil War
African-American men vote in 1868 after
the 14th Amendment was passed.
The Reservation System (pp. 223 and 225)
By the 1860s, the U.S. wanted to
expand. It wanted more territory.
It wanted to take away the land of
Native Americans. Native
Americans had to live in
reservations.
Farmers and ranchers shot the
buffalo.
The Sioux and the Cheyenne tribes
refused to move to reservations.
Gen. Custer and his soldiers fought
the Native Americans in the Battle
of Little Big Horn in Montana and
were killed.
In 1877 U.S. soldiers attacked and
killed the Nez Percé tribe.
In 1890 U.S. soldiers shot and killed
the Sioux leader Sitting Bull. At
Wounded Knee in South Dakota,
U.S. soldiers shot and killed more
than 200 Sioux.
Native Americans on Reservations in
the 18th and 19th Centuries
General George A. Custer, Chief Joseph (Nez Percé), Sitting Bull
(Sioux)
The Industrial Age (pp. 226-227)
Railroads were important during the
Civil War. The building of the
railroad created thousands of new
jobs. The U. S. economy grew.
Some people became very rich.
John D. Rockefeller made a fortune
in the oil industry.
Before the Industrial Revolution,
many people lived in small towns or
on farms. During the Industrial
Revolution, people moved to the
cities to work in factories.
People, including children, worked
for 12 to 14 hours every day.
Conditions in the factories were very
bad. Many people got sick and
died.
Many things were invented during
this time (eg. the telephone, the
camera, the electric light.)
Factories in the Early 1900s
Children Working in Factories in the
1900s
People in Unit 6: A New Nation
George Washington (1)
Cornelius Vanderbilt
John Adams (2)
John D. Rockefeller
Thomas Jefferson (3)
Andrew Carnegie
Meriwether Lewis
J. Pierpont Morgan
William Clark
Marie Curie (not an American)
Sacagawea and the Shoshone People
Harriet Tubman
Frederick Douglass
Abraham Lincoln (16)
John Wilkes Booth
Gen. Ulysses S. Grant
Gen. Robert E. Lee
Gen. George A. Custer
Chief Joseph and the Nez Percé Tribe
Sitting Bull and the Sioux Tribe