Transcript THE CIVIL WAR

Chapter 10 & 11
Civil War
&
Reconstruction
THE CIVIL WAR
• The Union Divides
• The Real War Begins
• The Goals of War Change
• Life Goes on Behind the Lines
• The Road to Peace is Rugged
Lincoln
The Civil War 1860 - 1865
Reconstruction 1866 - 1877
• Lincoln takes office, March, 1861
• 7 states secede (map) ... 4 more
join the Confederacy (VA, AK,
TN, & NC) after shots fired on
Fort Sumter, SC
Fort Sumter
Fort Sumnter
• Gov’t property seized in the south,
Lincoln’s goal: to preserve the
Union
• April, 1861 …Ft. Sumter fired
upon by Confederate forces…the
war has begun.
• Copperheads-Northern Dem.
oppose the war and Lincoln.
South & Border States
• Lincoln seizes control of the
border states (MD,MO,KY,&DE)
• Riots break out in Baltimore, MD
• Lincoln takes control…martial law
declared/habeas corpus suspended
• North & South – advantages and
disadvantages
• Union call for troops…Battle of Bull Run
Battle of Manassas
•Union Plan for
wining the War
Northern plan for victory
Ironclads
• Weapons/Warships/Strategy
• Western & Eastern Theaters of
Operations
• Shiloh/New Orleans/2nd Manassas
• Battle of Antietam, MD ...Union
Gen. McClellan fails to destroy
Lee…the war goes on
• Southern hopes cling to Great
Britain…Trent Affair
Lincoln
Emancipation Proclamation
• Jan.1863, Lincoln issues the
Emancipation Proclamation after the
Battle of Antietam and makes
destruction of Slavery a war aim
• Freed only the slaves in Confederacy,
discouraged any interference from foreign
governments…keeps Great Britain out of
the war
The War drags on
• South/Cotton & England/Neutral
• African-Americans are enlisted.
Ex. 54th Mass. as seen in “Glory”
• Draft/Conscription is used to raise
the necessary troops for N & S
Frederick Douglas
• Black Abolitionist
• Urged Lincoln to
recruit former
slaves to fight in
the Union Army
• Substitutes/Deserters…bonus paid
to recruits…Draft Riots in NY 1863
• “Rich man’s war, poor man’s
fight”
• Radical Republicans - believed
that slavery was the main reason
for the war…their power increases
in the elections of 62, 64, & 1866
• South suffers shortages
• Topics:
Greenbacks/Women in the
workplace/Homestead Act/Clara
Barton & Red Cross…Dorthea Dix,
U.S. Sanitary Commission/ P.O.W.’s
& Andersonville…wars impact on
western expansion and the Transcontinental Railroad
Lee & Grant
Robert E. Lee
Confederate General
The Army of Northern Virginia
• opposed secession, but did not
believe that the Union should be
held together by force.
• Urged southerners to accept defeat
and unite as Americans after the
collapse at Appomattox
Ulysses S. Grant
Commander of the Union Forces
• Won victories over the South after
several Union commanders had
failed before him
• “Total War”
• Hero of the Civil War and future
President
Gettysburg
Turning Point of the Civil War
Gettysburg Address
• Lincoln thought the Civil War was a
struggle to preserve a nation that was
dedicated to the proposition that “all
men are created equal” and that was
ruled by a government “of the people,
by the people, and for the people”
Gettysburg Address
Gettysburg & Vicksburg, 7/1863
March of 1864 - Grant becomes
Union commander,
unconditional surrender & total
war
• Sherman’s
“March to the
Sea”
• Captures Atlanta
in Sept., 1864
• Lincoln wins the
1864 election
Last battles of the Civil War
Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address
• “with malice
towards none,
with charity for
all…to bind up
the nations
wounds”
Lincoln
The Civil War Ends
• Grant turns attention on Richmond
• Confederate capitol falls on April
2nd, 1865…Davis escapes south
• Surrounded and out numbered, Lee
surrenders the Army of Virginia at
Appomattox Courthouse on April
7th…the war is over
• The South lay in ruin
Appomattox Court House
th
April 9 , 1865
Lincoln Assassinated
• On April
while attending a
play, President
Lincoln was
assassinated by
John Wilkes
Booth
th
12 ,
• Andrew Johnson becomes the 17th
President of the United States
• Johnson wants what Lincoln
wanted
• Radical Republicans control plans
for Reconstruction
• Johnson and Congress fight openly
• Office Tenure Act and Johnson’s
Impeachment by Congress
• Radical Republicans seek to
punish the South and keep it weak
• Black Codes/5 military districts
formed/Sharecropping & Tenant
farming
• Freedmen’s Bureau
• Carpetbaggers & Scalawags
• Congress attempts to guarantee
voting & civil rights to blacks
•
th
13 Amendment
ends slavery in
1865
th
• 14 Amendment provides equal
protection under the law - 1868
• 15th Amendment provides suffrage
for African Americans – 1870
• Grant 1868-1876 (scandal)
• Election of 1876
Reconstruction period ends
• Former Confederates take control
of the Democratic Party to regain
power
• “Jim Crow” Era begins…almost
100 years of denying full rights of
citizenship to blacks
Economic & Social Impact of
the Civil War
• The South would remain a poor,
agriculturally based economy
• The North emerged with strong and
growing industrial economies
• The U.S. will become a global
economic power by the 20th century