Transcript WH Chapter 13 Sec 4

Bellringer
• What is ministerial responsibility?
• What country did Otto von Bismarck lead?
• What crisis will ultimately lead to World
War I?
Chapter 13
Mass Society and
Democracy
Section 4
Toward the Modern
Consciousness
A New Physics
• Before 1914 the Enlightenment ideals of
reason, science, and progress remained
important to many Europeans.
• Science was a chief pillar of the West’s
optimism about the future.
Newtonian
• Mechanical
conception of the
universe.
Marie Curie
• French scientific
discovered radium, an
element that gave off
energy.
Albert Einstein
• 1905 – German
physicist provided a
new picture of the
universe.
• Theory of relativity –
space & time aren’t
absolute but are
relative to the
observer.
• Led to the Atomic Age
Sigmund Freud
• Dr. from Vienna
• Proposed theories about
the human mind and
human nature.
• Human behavior is
influenced by past
experiences and internal
forces that people are
unaware of.
• Begins in childhood.
Sigmund Freud
• Proposed psychoanalysis where patient
and therapist probe deep into the patient’s
psyche through free association, talking,
and dream analysis.
Social Darwinism
• Argument that social progress comes from
the struggle for survival.
• Applied mostly by businessmen.
Freidrich von Bernhardi
• German general that
said war was a
biological necessity for
society to rid it of the
weak and unfit.
Anti-Semitism
• Hostility and discrimination against Jews.
• Dreyfus Affair – Alfred Dreyfus, Jewish
captain, was accused of selling military
secrets.
• Sentenced to life imprisonment even
though evidence pointed to the guilt of a
Catholic officer.
• Public outrage finally resulted in a pardon.
Anti-Semitism
• Worst treatment was in eastern Europe.
• In Russia there were organized
persecutions and massacres called
pogroms.
• To escape, many went to the U.S. or
Palestine.
The Culture of Modernity
• Modernism was created with the rebellion
against traditional artistic and literary
styles.
Literature
• Writers Henrik Ibsen
and Emile Zola
depicted social
conditions and
grappled with social
issues.
Painting
• Claude Monet –
Impressionist painter
who used the light to
capture objects.
Painting
• Vincent van Gogh –
Postimpressionist that
believed color was its
own kind of language.
Painting
• Wassily Kandinsky –
Russian who founded
abstract painting.
Painting
• Pablo Picasso –
created cubism that
used geometric
designs to recreate
reality.
• That’s an Apple Tree
Camera
• George Eastman
created the first
Kodak camera in
1888.
Architecture
• Louis Sullivan
designed skyscrapers
to be a more practical
use of space.
Architecture
• Frank Lloyd Wright –
Sullivan’s most
successful pupil.
• Pioneered the
modern American
house.
Music
• Igor Stravinsky – Russian
classical composer.
• The Rite of Spring
revolutionized classical
music.
• At its Paris premiere the
crowd almost rioted due
to outrage of the sounds
and rhythms.
End of Chapter 13