Transcript How do these changes affect the heart rate and blood pressure of

Cells
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Cell Division
Molecular
Genetics
Evolution and
Classification
Cells
Photo
Respiration
Synthesis
Cell
Division
Molecular Evolution
Genetics
Classif.
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Double Jeopardy!
Cells
What are the four
types of
macromolecules?
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Cells
Carbohydrates, Lipids,
Proteins, Nucleic Acids
Back
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Cells
How does a Eukaryotic
Cell differ from a
prokaryotic cell?
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Topic 1
Eukaryotic have a nucleus, membrane
bound organelles, are larger, and
found in plants and animals
Back
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Cells
What are the three
types of intercellular
junctions in animals
and how do they
function?
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Cells
Tight Junctions- Membranes of close
cells bound by specific proteins
Desmosomes- Function like rivots,
fastening cells together into strong
sheets
Gap Junctions- cytoplasmic channels
between cells
Back
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Cells
Within the nucleus DNA is
divided into xxxx that
carry genetic info. These
structures are made of
another material called
yyyy, A complex system of
proteins and DNA.
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Cells
What are chromosomes
and chromatin?
Back
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Cells
How does ATP function
in active transport?
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Cells
ATP transfers its terminal phosphate group directly to the
transport protein. This may induce the protein to change its
conformation in a manner that translocates a solute bound
to the protein across the membrane (i.e. sodium potassium
pump)
Back
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Photosynthesis
What are the products
and reactants in
photosynthesis?
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Co2+water+light
energy yields
Glucose+Oxygen+
Water
Back
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Photosynthesis
Chloroplasts are mostly
found these types of cells
located in the interior of
the leaf.
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Photosynthesis
What are mesophyll
cells?
Back
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Photosynthesis
Where do C4 plants
live and what
advantages do they
have there?
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Photosynthesis
They thrive in hot regions with
intense sunlight. The stomota will
close during the day to prevent
photorespiration and carbon
fixation occurs during the night.
Back
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Photosynthesis
What is the function of
cyclic electron flow?
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Photosynthesis
Noncyclic electron flow produces ATP
and NADPH in roughly equal numbers,
but the Calvin Cycle consumes more
ATP than NADPH. Cyclic electron flow
makes up the difference since it
produces ATP but no NADPH.
Back
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Photosynthesis
How does noncyclic electron flow
function?
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Photosynthesis
Noncyclic electron flow begins in photosystem II:
-photosystem II is excited by light absorption
-e- derived from splitting water
-the e- is donated to electron transport (H+ pumping & ATP
synthesis)
-the e- is passed on to photosystem I
-photosystem I is excited by light absorption
-the e- is used to reduce NADP
(this e- path produces ATP and NADPH for sugar synthesis)
Back
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Respiration
What is the final
electron acceptor in
aerobic respiration?
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Respiration
Oxygen
Back
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Respiration
In aerobic respiration,
the energy in 1 mole
of glucose is capable
of producing how
many ATP molecules:
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Respiration
23
10 )
38 x (6.02 x
molecules of ATP
Back
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Respiration
How is ATP formed in
substrate level
phosphorolation?
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Respiration
ATP is produced from
the transfer of a
phosphate group from
a substrate to ADP
Back
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Respiration
What are the products of the
Krebs Cycle?
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Respiration
Co2, Nadh, Fadh2
Back
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Respiration
How are fats catabolized?
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Respiration
Through Beta Oxidation- the
hydrolysis of fatty acids into
two carbon molecules or
glycerol
Back
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Cell Division
What stage of meiosis
does crossing over
occur in?
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Cell Division
Prophase 1
Back
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Cell Division
What is the end
product of meiosis?
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Cell Division
Four unique daughter
cells that are
genetically different
Back
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Cell Division
How is independent
assortment different
from the law of
segregation?
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Cell Division
Independent assortment is the randomness with which tetrads
and homologues line up during metaphase I and
II and then are pulled apart during anaphase I and II;
Segregation just refers to the fact that chromosomes are
separated into gametes—it does not account for the
random arrangement of chromosomes prior to their separation.
Back
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Cell Division
What is significant
about inheritance of
genes on the same
chromosome?
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Cell Division
Genes inherited on the same chromosome are part
of a linkage group or are said to be linked.
Linkage groups can be mapped based on how often
genes are separated by crossing over. It makes
sense that
genes that are further apart on a chromosome would
be more likely to be broken apart by crossing
over
Back
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Cell Division
In humans, tongue rolling is a dominant
trait, those with the recessive condition
cannot roll their tongues. Bob can roll his
tongue, but his mother could not. He is
married to Sally, who cannot roll her
tongue. What is the probability that their
first born child will not be able to roll his
tongue
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Cell Division
Bob’s genotype must be Tt because his
mother was tt. His wife is also a tt, so
there is a 50% chance the first child will
be a tongue roller.
Back
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Molecular Genetics
What is the Central
Dogma of Molecular
Biology?
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Molecular Genetics
The flow of information
from DNA to RNA
(transcription) to
Protein (translation)
Back
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Molecular Genetics
There are about 3 billion
chemical base pairs in human
DNA. Approximately what
percent of these base pairs
actually code for genes?
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Molecular Genetics
1-2%
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Molecular Genetics
If the arrangement of bases
on DNA is CATTAG, then a
corresponding strand
of mRNA will be…
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Molecular Genetics
GUAAUC
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Molecular Genetics
Substances that cause cells
to increase production of
an enzyme (or group of
enzymes) are know as
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Molecular Genetics
Inducers
Back
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Molecular Genetics
What charge does DNA
have and why?
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Molecular Genetics
Negative, because of
the phosphate group
attached to it
Back
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Evolution and Classification
Explain the difference
between gradualism
and punctuated
equilibrium
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Evolution and Classification
Gradualism- Slow change over
time
Punctuated Equilibrium- Rapid
change then no change
Back
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Evolution and Classification
Name the four types of
pre-zygotic barriers
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Evolution and Classification
Temperal, Behavioral,
Mechanical, Gametic
Isolation
Back
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Evolution and Classification
Name the order for
biological classification
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Evolution and Classification
Domain, Kingdom,
Phylum, Class, Order,
Family, Genus,
Species
Back
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Evolution and Classification
What was Lamarck’s theory
of evolution?
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Evolution and Classification
Inheritance of acquired
characteristics. Evolution
occurred during an
organism’s lifetime. Use and
disuse in traits
Back
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Evolution and Classification
What evidence
supports the theory of
evolution?
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Evolution and Classification
Homologous structures,
comparative embryology,
molecular biology (DNA),
Biogeography, Fossils
Back
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Double
Jeopardy!!!
Plant Systems
Animal Systems
Ecology
Labs
Biotechnology
Things we didn’t
cover
Plant
Systems
Animal
Systems
Ecology
Labs
Biotech
Things we
Didn’t cover
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Final Jeopardy!
Plant Systems
Name the adaptations
plants have evolved
to survive on land
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Plant Systems
Jacketed Gametangia, apical
meristems, sporopollenin,
stomata, roots, waxy cuticle,
lignin
Back
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Plant Systems
The xxxx is responsible for
transporting water and minerals
up from the ground and the yyyy
transports sugar and other
organic products from leaves
downward
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Plant Systems
Xylem, Phloem
Back
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Plant Systems
Differentiate between
Dermal Tissue,
vascular tissue, and
ground tissue
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Plant Systems
Dermal- outer protective covering
Vascular- Long distance transport, found in
roots and shoots
Ground- tissue between vascular and ground
tissues
Back
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Plant Systems
This plant displays….
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Plant Systems
Thigmotropism
Back
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Plant Systems
Describe a “perfect flower”
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Plant Systems
It contains both
male/female
reproductive parts,
stamen and carpel
Back
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Animal Systems
What is the
nitrogenous waste
product created in
humans?
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Animal Systems
Urea- helps conserve
water, doesn’t need to
be diluted.
Back
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Animal Systems
filtration occurs as blood
pressure forces fluid from
the blood in the glomerulus
into _______ ________
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Animal Systems
Bowman’s Capsule
Back
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Animal Systems
When blood calcium levels
are too high, the body will
release _____ to the bones
and signal the kidneys to
reduce calcium intake
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Animal Systems
Calcitonin
Back
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Animal Systems
What is the fast and slow
block to polyspermy?
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Animal Systems
Acrosomal Reaction
depolarization, and
the cortical reaction
Back
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Animal Systems
When a cell is
repolarizing, active
transport pumps xx out
and yy back into the cell.
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Animal Systems
Sodium out, potassium
in
Back
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Ecology
Explain the difference
in an r selected
species and a k
selected species.
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Ecology
R
Unstable environment, density
independent
small size of organism
energy used to make each individual is
low
many offspring are produced
early maturity
short life expectancy
each individual reproduces only once
type III survivorship pattern
in which most of the individuals die
within a short time
but a few live much longer
Back
K
Stable environment, density
dependent interactions
large size of organism
energy used to make each individual is
high
few offspring are produced
late maturity, often after a prolonged
period of parental care
long life expectancy
individuals can reproduce more than
once in their lifetime
type I or II survivorship pattern
in which most individuals live to near the
maximum life span
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Ecology
Ignoring migration, the age
structure of a human
population likely to
increase in size will have
what shape?
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Ecology
Pyramid
Back
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Ecology
According to island
biogeography, what is the
relationship between an
island's distance from the
mainland and the number of
species present on the island?
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Ecology
The further an island is from
the mainland, the fewer the
number of species found on
the island
Back
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Ecology
10,000 kcal of producer
could support
approximately _____
kcal of tertiary consumer.
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Ecology
10
Back
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Ecology
DDT is _____-soluble so it
accumulates in _____.
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Ecology
Fat….milk
Back
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Labs
the measurement of color in a solution by
determining the amount of light absorbed
in the ultraviolet, infrared, or visible
spectrum, widely used in clinical chemistry
to calculate the concentration of
.
substances in solution
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Labs
Spectrophotometer
Back
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Labs
What changes occur in the circulatory
system when a person stands up from a
prone position? How do these changes
affect the heart rate and blood pressure
of the individual?
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Labs
The circulatory system is not working very
hard when a person is at rest so when that
person stands up suddenly the blood
pressure and heart rate of that person
increase.
Back
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Labs
xxxxxx is the major
mechanism that
drives the movement
of water through a
plant.
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Labs
Transpiration
Back
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Labs
Genetic xxxxxxx occurs
when a host organism
takes in foreign DNA and
expresses the foreign
gene.
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Labs
Transformation
Back
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Labs
What is the purpose of
heat shock therapy in
genetic transformation?
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Labs
The heat shock does open the pores (made
by the preparation of competent cells) and
gets the plasmid to enter the cell. Placing
the cells on ice after the shock closes the
pores and prevent the plasmid to escape.
Back
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Biotechnology
cDNA is complimentary
to…..
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mRNA
Back
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Biotechnology
These enzymes can cut
DNA molecules at a
limited number of
specific locations
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Biotechnology
Restriction Enzymes
Back
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Biotechnology
Differences in the restriction
sites on homologous
chromosomes that result in
different restriction fragment
patterns are called….
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Biotechnology
Restriction Fragment
Length
Polymorphisms
(RFLP)
Back
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Biotechnology
What is the difference
between a Genomic
Library and a cDNA
library?
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Biotechnology
Genomic Library- the complete set of plasmid clones,
each carrying copies of a particular segment from
the initial genome
cDNA library- represents only part of a genome–
only the subset of genes that were transcribed
into mRNA in the original cells
Back
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Biotechnology
This enzyme permanently joins
each base paired plas mid
and human DNA fragment by
catalyzing the formation of
covalent bonds that close up
the sugar phosphate
backbones.
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Biotechnology
DNA Ligase
Back
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Things we didn’t cover
A mole represents how
many exact objects
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Things we didn’t cover
6.02*10^23
Back
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Things we didn’t cover
Some aquatic invertebrates living
in temporary ponds can lose
almost all their body water and
survive in a dormant state. This
adaptation is called…
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Things we didn’t cover
Anhydrobiosis
Back
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Things we didn’t cover
The point at which two
opposite reactions off set
one another exactly is
called
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Things we didn’t cover
Chemical equilibrium
Back
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The part of the brain that
controls involuntary
actions is known as the
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Cerebellum
Back
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Things we didn’t cover
The largest number of known
species is represented by the
phylum….
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Things we didn’t cover
Arthropoda
Back
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Final
Jeopardy!!!
Final Jeopardy!!!
How is oxygen carried
throughout the body?
Final Jeopardy!!!
By hemoglobin in red
blood cells