Transcript 100

Cells
Plant Systems
Evolution
Cell Division
Labs
Ecology
Cells
Plant
Systems
Evolution
Cell
Division
Labs
Ecology
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Double Jeopardy!
Cells
This occurs when a cell
actively pumps a
molecule across its
membrane.
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Cells
Active transport
Back
$100
Cells
This acts as a barrier
by only allowing a
very small number of
non-polar molecules
to enter or exit a cell
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Cells
Lipid Bilayer
Back
$200
Cells
The structural component
of the cell that is made
up of protein filaments
and found throughout
the inside of eukaryotic
cells
$300
Cells
Cytoskeleton
Back
$300
Cells
Main component of double
stranded, thin and flexible
structures, and is the most
abundant protein in most
eukaryotic cells
$400
Cells
Actin
Back
$400
Cells
These contain oxidative
enzymes and other
enzymes that help
produce and degrade
hydrogen peroxide
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Cells
Peroxisomes
Back
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Plant Systems
Mechanisms by which
water is carried
upward through the
xylem
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Plant Systems
Adhesion and Cohesion
Back
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Plant Systems
This considers the
differences in osmotic
concentration and the
differences in pressure,
and determines osmosis
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Plant Systems
Water potential
Back
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Plant Systems
An inhibitor hormone
that causes guard
cells of the stomata to
close when the plant
is losing water
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Plant Systems
Abscisic acid
Back
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Plant Systems
Responses to stimuli
that result in longterm growth of the
plant toward or away
from the stimulus
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Plant Systems
Tropisms
Back
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Plant Systems
Poinsettias,
chrysanthemums and
asters are in this group
of flowers that don’t
bloom when light
interrupts darkness
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Plant Systems
Short-Day plants
Back
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Evolution
When selection
pressure act against
individuals in the
middle of the trait
distribution
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Evolution
Disruptive selection
Back
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Evolution
Niles Eldrege and Stephen Gould
developed this evolutionary
theory which proposed that the
change we can see is
evolutionarily minor and that
speciation occurs suddenly only
in response to major crises or
genetic events
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Evolution
Punctuated Equilibrium
Back
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Evolution
When species of different
ancestry begin to share
analogous traits because
of a shared environment
or other election
pressure
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Evolution
Convergent evolution
Back
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Evolution
A burst of evolution,
creating several new
species out of a single
parent species
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Evolution
Adaptive radiation
Back
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Evolution
A process in which a
species may become
split into two groups that
no longer share the
same gene pool
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Evolution
Cladogenesis
Back
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Cell Division
This phase is marked
by very thick and
dense chromosomes
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Cell Division
Prophase
Back
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Cell Division
These become fully
matured on the
centromeres of the
chromosome during
prometaphase
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Cell Division
Kinetochores
Back
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Cell Division
After this process,
daughter cells are
very small and low on
ATP
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Cell Division
Cytokinesis
Back
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Cell Division
Proteins associated
with DNA in
eukaryote
chromosomes
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Cell Division
Histone proteins
Back
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Cell Division
These often skip the
G1 and G2 phases of
the cell cycle to make
the process faster.
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Cell Division
Eukaryotic cells
Back
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Labs
In the diffusion lab, a
selectively permeable
membrane contained
glucose, starch and water
in order to determine this
of each substance
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Labs
Molecular size
Back
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Labs
This separates molecules
on the basis of their
rate of movement
under the influence of
electrical fields
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Labs
Electrophoresis
Back
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Labs
In the respiration lab, the
plant with the condition
had more respiration
than the other
environments because of
the opening of these
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Labs
stomata
Back
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Labs
This experimental
process allows DNA to
be copied with a
concentration on a gene
of interest using
recombinant DNA
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Labs
DNA cloning
Back
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Labs
Gregor Mendel used
these plants to study
patterns of
inheritance within a
single gene pool
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Labs
Pea plants
Back
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Ecology
When an organism
puts itself in danger
to help others of its
species
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Ecology
Altruistic behavior
Back
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Ecology
Also known as the prey
choice model, this
predicts what an animal
will do when it
encounters a particular
food
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Ecology
Contingency Theory
Back
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Ecology
Species whose population
size is primarily
determined by birth rate
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Ecology
R-selected species
Back
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Ecology
A key stimulus triggers an
innate releasing
mechanism which
produces this, a definite,
constant response
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Ecology
Fixed action pattern
Back
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Ecology
A type of learning
where the organism
associates a regular
behavior with a
reward or punishment
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Ecology
Operant conditioning
Back
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Double
Jeopardy!!!
Photosynthesis
Animal Systems
Biotechnology
Molecular
Genetics
Respiration
Things we didn’t
cover
Photosynthesis
Animal
Systems
Biotechnology
Molecular
Genetics
Respiration
Things we
didn’t cover
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Final Jeopardy!
Photosynthesis
These broaden the
spectrum of light
absorbed by the
chloroplasts
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Photosynthesis
carotenoids
Back
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Photosynthesis
Plants get out of “ATP
debt” through this
process
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Photosynthesis
Cyclic electron flow
Back
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Photosynthesis
In the Calvin cycle, the
actual output is this
which can later be
made into glucose
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Photosynthesis
Glyceraldehyde-3phosphate (G3P)
Back
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Photosynthesis
Chloroplasts evolved
from this engulfing a
photoautotroph
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Photosynthesis
chemoheterotroph
Back
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Photosynthesis
Part of the leaf that
doesn’t contain
chloroplasts and serve
primarily as protection
for the rest of the leaf
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Photosynthesis
Upper and lower
epidermis
Back
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Animal Systems
This hormone fat that
suppresses appetite
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Animal Systems
leptin
Back
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Animal Systems
One of the five classes
of antibodies that is
released in response
to allergic reactions
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Animal Systems
IgE
Back
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Animal Systems
This is a kidney hormone
that is released in
response to low O2
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Animal Systems
Erythropoeitin
Back
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Animal Systems
In the loop of Henle, the
concentration of this is
decreasing in the
ascending limb through
active transport
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Animal Systems
NaCl
Back
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Animal Systems
This process is able to
develop an egg
without fertilization
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Animal Systems
pathenogenesis
Back
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Biotechnology
In protein degradation,
these molecules attach
to protein by enzymes
in the cytosol to start
the process
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Biotechnology
Ubiquitin
Back
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Biotechnology
This is made by
isolating mRNA and
reverse transcriptase
on mRNA
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Biotechnology
cDNA
Back
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Biotechnology
These are used to
provide a larger
sample size for a
specific gene of
interest
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Biotechnology
plasmids
Back
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Biotechnology
Mainly used in
forensics or paternity
testing, this is used to
amplify DNA
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Biotechnology
Polymerase Chain
Reaction (PCR)
Back
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Biotechnology
This is missing when DNA is
sequenced for the DNA
termination method
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Biotechnology
-OH
Back
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Molecular Genetics
Chromosomes with this, one X
becomes almost completely
inactive during embryonic
development, are reactivated
in ovary cells that give rise to
the ova
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Molecular Genetics
Barr Body
Back
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Molecular Genetics
In the ThemeselsonStahl experiment,
shows how DNA does
this in a semiconservative manner
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Molecular Genetics
replicates
Back
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Molecular Genetics
A sex-linked allele in
humans that causes the
progressive weakening
of muscles and loss of
coordination
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Molecular Genetics
Duchenne’s Muscular
Dystrophy
Back
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Molecular Genetics
Formed from a
nondisjunction gamete,
this is a type of offspring
that has an abnormal
number of chromosomes
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Molecular Genetics
aneuploidy
Back
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Molecular Genetics
These are tiny molecules
of naked, circular RNA
that infect plants and
are several nucleotides
long
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Molecular Genetics
viroids
Back
$1000
Respiration
In the final step of
Glycolysis, this
enzyme catalyzes the
production of
pyruvate
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Respiration
Aldolase
Back
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Respiration
The combination of the
electron transport chain
and chemiosmosis where
protons are moving
down their concentration
gradient
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Respiration
Oxidative
Phosphorylation
Back
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Respiration
A type of anaerobic
respiration where a
cell able to perform
aerobic respiration is
deprived of oxygen
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Respiration
fermentation
Back
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Respiration
In to prevent explosions,
these “break the fall”
of electrons that are
flowing to
electronegative O2
$800
Respiration
Electron carriers
(NADH, FADH2)
Back
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Respiration
In fish, the larger amount of
this enables the most
respiration through the
gills
$1000
Respiration
Surface area
Back
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We Didn’t Cover
This is the
identification of
chemical substances
and their
concentrations
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Chemoreception
Back
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We Didn’t Cover
This process is used to
determine the threedimensional structure of
macromolecules such as
nucleic acids and
proteins
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We Didn’t Cover
X-ray crystallography
Back
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We Didn’t Cover
This occurs in humans
after around 52
divisions when cell
division eventually
stops
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We Didn’t Cover
Hayflick limit
Back
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We Didn’t Cover
These are small,
hydrophobic transport
proteins that increase
bilayer permeability for
specific ions.
$800
We Didn’t Cover
ionophores
Back
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Topic 12
In the Paleozoic era,
after this extinction,
plants and insects
began to colonize the
land
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Topic 12
Ordovician
Back
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Final
Jeopardy!!!
Final Jeopardy!!!
In a reproducing
environment, this
principle/equation states that
both allele and genotype
frequencies in a population
remain constant
Final Jeopardy!!!
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
p+q = 1 or
2
2
p +2pq+q =1