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OOPC-12 Meeting 2007: Paris
Ocean Projects in IGBP II today
Summary
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IMBER Science
Implementation activities
IPO activities
Scientific specific activities
Related meetings, workshops and conferences
IMBER Sustained observations requirements
Vision
“to provide a comprehensive understanding of
and accurate predictive capacity for, ocean
responses to accelerating global change and the
consequent effects on the Earth System and
human society”
Goal
“to investigate the sensitivity of marine
biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems to global
change, on time scales ranging from years to
decades”
Theme 1
Interactions between
biogeochemical cycles
and marine food webs
What are the key marine biogeochemical cycles, ecosystem processes,
and their interactions, that will be impacted by global change?
Theme 1 - Issues and questions
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Transformation of organic matter in marine food webs
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Transfers of matter across ocean interfaces
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What controls the stochiometry and form of “bioreactive” elements in space and
time?
What controls production, transformation, and breakdown of organic matter in
marine food webs?
What are the time and space scales of remineralisation of organic matter in the
mesopelagic layer?
How does nutrients exchange between continental margins and the ocean
interior impact biogeochemical cycles?
How exchange between the seafloor and the water column impact food web
structure and function?
End-to-end food webs and material flows (IMBER/GLOBEC
collaboration)
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How do food web dynamics affect nutrient availability?
How do key functional groups, species, and genes affect biogeochemical
cycles?
How do species biodiversity and species interactions affect food web
functioning and biogeochemical cycling?
How are the interactions between biogeochemical processes and food webs
recorded in palaeo-proxies?
Theme 2
Sensitivity to Global Change
What are the responses of key marine biogeochemical cycles,
ecosystems and their interactions to global change?
Theme 2 – Issues and questions…
1.
Impacts of climate-induced changes through physical forcing
and variability
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Effects of increasing anthropogenic CO2 and changing pH on
marine biogeochemical cycles, ecosystems and their
interactions (IMBER/SOLAS: Joint Implementation plan)
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What is the impact of changes in circulation, ventilation and stratification?
What are the direct effects of changes in ocean temperature and light
environment?
What are the impacts of changes in frequency and intensity of extreme and
episodic events?
What are the effects of CO2 driven changes in carbonate chemistry?
What are the effects of pH-driven changes in nutrient and trace metal
speciation?
Which organisms and biological processes are most sensitive to pH and
CO2 changes, what are the consequences, and to what extent can
organisms adapt in response to these changes?
…Theme 2 – Issues and questions
3.
Effects of changing supplies of macro- and micronutrients
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How will changes in macro- and micronutrient inputs to the ocean affect the
cycles of these elements?
How will changes in the abundance, distribution, and stoichiometry of
nutrient elements affect food web structure and function?
How will increases in hypoxia and anoxia affect food webs and cycles of
key macro- and micronutrients?
Impacts of harvesting of marine ressources on end-to-end
food webs and biogeochemical cycles (IMBER/GLOBEC)
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How do harvesting-induced changes in food web structure impact
biogeochemical cycles?
What are the impacts of harvesting living marine resources on end-to-end
food webs
Theme 3
Feedbacks to the Earth
System
What is the role of ocean biogeochemistry and ecosystems in
regulating climate?
Theme 3 - Issues and questions
1.
Oceanic storage of anthropogenic CO2
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What are the spatial and temporal scales of storage of CO2 in the ocean
interior?
What is the role of the continental margins in ocean carbon storage under
global change?
Ecosystem feedback on ocean physics and climate
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How do marine food web structure and variability affect ocean and ice
physics, and large-scale climate and its variability, via the upper ocean heat
budget?
What will be the effect of global changes in oxygen minimum zones on
sources, transport and out gassing of N2O?
Theme 4
Responses of society
What are the relationships between marine biogeochemical
cycles ecosystems, and the human system?
Theme 4 – To be developed
The challenge
Bring together natural and social sciences
communities to develop the issues and
questions for this theme
“IMBER Science Plan and
Implementation Strategy”,
June 2005
Downloadable pdf version:
www.IMBER.info/SPIS.html
Working groups
• End-to-End Food web Task Team
(IMBER/GLOBEC)
• Joint SOLAS/IMBER carbon research group
(IMBER/SOLAS)
• Joint LOICZ/IMBER Continental Margins Task
Team (IMBER/LOICZ)
• Capacity Building Task Team
• Data Management Committee
End-To-End Task Team
(GLOBEC/IMBER)
Membership:
• Coleen Moloney (South Africa, co-chair)
• Mike St John (Germany, co-chair)
• Ken Denman (Canada)
• Dave Karl (USA)
• Fritz Köster (Denmark)
• Svein Sundby (Norway)
• Rory Wilson (UK)
• The group submitted a review paper to Science focused on the
concept for end-to-end food web research.
• The task team recommended the formation of a new
IMBER/GLOBEC End-to-End working group to be jointly appointed
by the IMBER and GLOBEC SSC’s.
• The terms of reference for this group are being developed.
Joint SOLAS-IMBER Carbon group
Membership:
• Arne Koertzinger (Germany,
co-Chair)
• Truls Johannessen (Norway,
co-Chair)
• Niki Gruber (Switzerland)
• Nicolas Metzl (France)
• Britton Stephens (USA)
• Gerhard Herndl (Netherlands)
• Ken Johnson (USA)
• Kitack Lee (Korea)
• Kevin Arrigo (USA)
• Toshiro Saino (Japan)
• Hermann Bange (Germany)
• Dick Feely (USA)
IMBER Report no. 1
(February 2006, to be reviewed
and printed in 2007)
Carbon Sub-groups
1. Surface ocean systems
Chair: Nicolas Metzl (France)
Surface pCO2 variability and vulnerabilities workshop (Unesco,
Paris, 11-14 April 2007); – workshop report to come, DSR II special
issue in preparation;
2. Interior ocean carbon storage Chair: Nicolas Gruber (Switzerland)
(i) Argo-O2 Task Team – to develop pilot projects and find funding at
national levels;
(ii) International Synthesis Task team – to lead the international
synthesis effort (membership and ToR to be established)
3. Carbon cycle climate sensitivities and feedbacks Chair: Kitack Lee
(South Korea) Membership and ToR to be proposed
This group will meet in 2007-2008 to synthesize our understanding of
climate feedbacks to the ocean so far, identify scientific issues and
develop a strategy to move forward. The Ocean acidification is a very
important topic that this group should address.
Continental Margins Task Team
(IMBER/LOICZ)
Membership:
• Nancy Rabalais (USA, co-chair)
• Jack Middelburg (Netherlands, co-chair)
• KK Liu (Taiwan)
• Kai Wirtz (Germany)
• Paul Wassmann (Norway)
• Jing Zhang (China)
• Helmuth Thomas (Canada)
• Katja Fennel (Canada)
• Burke Hales (USA)
• Isabelle Niang-Diop (Senegal)
Continental Margins Conference
September 17-21, 2007, Shanghai, China
The 8 planned Session topics are:
1. Ocean-Shelf Biogeochemical
Exchanges
(invited speaker: Dr Arthur Chen)
2. Continental Shelf Biogeochemistry and
Couplings with Benthic Systems
3. Continental Shelf Carbon in a High CO2
World (invited speaker: Dr Alberto
Borges)
4. Continental Shelf Ecosystems from
High to Low Latitudes
5. Integrated Observations and
Modeling: Visions and Reality
6. Eutrophication and Oligotrophication
in Coastal Systems
7. Low Oxygen on Continental Shelves
8. Sustainable Use of Continental Shelf
Resources
Capacity Building Working Group
Membership:
• Wajih Naqvi (India, chair)
• Adnan Al-Azri (Oman)
• Laura David (Philippines)
• Carina Lange (Chile)
• Coleen Moloney (South Africa)
• Temel Oguz (Turkey)
• Jing Zhang (China)
• ?? looking for suggestions (Russia/Germany)
• Encourage new research initiatives and establish/improve
infrastructure needed for IMBER-related research in less
developed coastal countries
• Develop human resources
• Enhance capacity in activities that have few practitioners
• Seek special funding
Data Management Committee
Membership:
• Raymond Pollard (UK, Chair)
• Jay Cullen (Canada)
• Wilco Hazeleger (The Netherlands)
• Gwen Moncoiffé (UK, BODC)
• Todd O’Brien (USA, COPEPOD)
• Reiner Schlitzer (Allemagne, SeaDataSet)
• Sophie Beauvais (France, Data liaison officer)
• Develop guidelines for endorsed projects and a Data Management
Policy for IMBER.
• Develop a data portal on the IMBER website
(http://www.imber.info/data.html).
• DMC meeting in Victoria, Canada, June 10-11, 2007.
IMBER International Project Office
Located at the European
Institute for Marine Studies
Brest, France
Elena Fily, Sylvie Roy, and Sophie Beauvais
Financed for 3 years: (2005-2008)
Thanks to all our sponsors…
Promotion
Website
Brochure
www.IMBER.info
Newsletter
e-NEWS
Poster
Sponsored Activities (2006-2007)
• Sustained Indian Ocean Biogeochemistry and
Environment Workshop Goa, India, (October 3-6, 2006)
• IMBER/ PICES Session at PICES XV Annual Meeting ,
Interactions between Biogeochemical Cycles and Marine
Food Webs in the North Pacific Ocean, Yokohama, Japan,
(October 13-21, 2006)
• Humboldt Current System: Climate, ocean dynamics,
ecosystem processes, and fisheries conference.
Lima, Peru, (November 27 – December 1, 2006)
• Oxygen Minimum Zone workshop, Concepción, Chile
(October 24-26, 2006)
• Austral Summer Institutes VII, Concepción, Chili (January
2-26, 2007)
Regional activities
Major contributors
• EUR-OCEANS European Network of Excellence for Ocean
Ecosystems Analysis, 60 research institutions and universities from
25 countries (2005-2008)
• CARBOOCEAN Integrated Project Carboocean – Evaluation of the
sources and sinks of marine carbon, 47 international groups(20052010)
• ICED Integrated Analyses of Circumpolar Climate Interactions and
Ecosystem Dynamics in the Southern Ocean, jointly with GLOBEC
and EUR-OCEANS
Regional activities
Endorsed projects
• BIOSOPE Biogeochemistry and Optics South Pacific Experiment
(part of PROOF, 2002-2005)
• National CHINESE IMBER/GLOBEC
(5 years, 2006 - 2010)
• The marine carbon cycle from North to South of the Galathea route
August 2006 - April 2007
• ECOMADR Integration Analysis of North Adriatic Marine Ecosystem
January2006 - September 2007
• Role of eukaryote pico- and nanoplankton in the biogeochemical
processes of the deep sea
June 2005 - January 2008
National Activities…
China 5 year funding IMBER/GLOBEC programme. Hosting the
Second LME
India Impact of anthropogenic perturbations on oceanographic and
atmospheric processes in and around India in context of global
change; SIBER workshop in October 2006
Japan IMBER-JAPAN established under the Science Council of Japan
(2004), chaired by Hiroaki Saito. North West Pacific cruise has been
funded for Summer 2008.
New Zealand Two funded research cruises in permanently oligotrophic
regions to north west of New Zealand focused on N cycling in this
region
Chile Currently funded COPAS programme is a contribution to IMBER
…National Activities
France Currently funded for four years CYBER programme "CYcles
Biogéochimiques, Ecosystèmes et Ressources". (2006-2009);
many regional project
Netherlands Programme under development with joint IMBER
/SOLAS cruise planned
Germany Planning for new programme for 2007
Spain Developing a co-sponsored proposal with The Netherlands for
a “Deep-water Oceanography” project. Holding a Spanish IMBER
symposium in March 2007.
UK Plans for IMBER contribution in new funding round 2007.
USA A new “Ocean Carbon Biogeochemistry” group has been formed
in 2006; Two regional projects requested endorsement!
Workshops, special sessions…
2007
• IMBER/GODAE workshop on BGC in Open Ocean (Paris, 12-13 June,
2007)
• Joint IMBER/LOICZ Conference (Shanghaï, 17-21September 2007)
• CLIOTOP Symposium (La Paz, 3-7 December)
• ICED Modeling workshop (Venue? Late 2007)
2008
• IMBER/CLIVAR/GLOBEC Climate variability Workshop (Brest, April 2008)
• IRD Symposium on upwelling (Canary Islands, 2 - 6 June 2008)
• ICES/PICES/IOC Symposium Climate Change, (Gijon, Spain, 19-23 May
2008)
• IMBER Open Science Conference (Rimouski, Canada, October 2008)
IMBER Sustained Observation
Requirements
Sustained Observing needs
• Physical measurements
– Capture unpredictable, extreme and episodic events that have
significant impacts of biogeochemistry and ecosystems
• Biogeochemistry
– Key nutrients (ie N)
• Ecosystems
– Ground truthing of remotely sensed chlorophyll a
– Ground truthing of remotely sensed phytoplankton species
• Carbon
– SOLAS-IMBER Carbon (SIC) group for science purpose in close link
with IOCCP (International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project from IOC
& SCOR), associated to the Integrated Global Carbon Observation
(IGCO) of IGOS…
Integrated Global Carbon Observation
IGOS - IGCO
Georeferenced
emissions
inventories
Climate and
weather
fields
Ocean time series
Biogeochemical
pCO2
Surface observation
pCO2
nutrients
Water column
inventories
Atmospheric
measurements
Remote sensing
of
Atmospheric
CO2
Atmospheric
Transport model
Ocean
carbon model
Coastal
studies
Ocean remote sensing
Ocean colour
Altimetry
Winds
SST
SSS
optimize
d
Fluxes
Terrestrial
rivers carbon
model
Lateral fluxes
Remote sensing of
Vegetation properties
Growth Cycle
Fires
Biomass
Radiation
Land cover /use
Data
assimilation
link
optimized
model
parameters
Eddy-covariance
flux towers
Biomass
soil carbon
inventories
Ecological
studies
IGCO: A Hierarchy of Approaches and Scales
The Carbon System
The source and sinks and
controlling processes will
only be determined within an
integrated approach where
point-wise in situ surface
measurements can be
scaled up using global satellite
datasets and models, and
then constrained and
verified by atmospheric CO2
concentration measurements.
Approach
Scale
Key regions for observations
• Continental Margins
• High latitude
• Polar Oceans
• Mesopelagic (150 to 1500m)
(micro) Sensor development
• O2 sensors on Argo floats
• Chemical sensors for nutrients such as NO3, NH4, etc…
• Chlorophyll a sensors for long term deployment
• Optical sensors for long term deployment for ground truthing
remote sensing data
• Biological sensors (cytometry up to DNA…)
New vectors for HF bio/geo-sampling
Satellite remote sensing
Need sustained observations of
• Ocean colour:
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Chlorophyll (but not enough…
Phytoplankton speciation
Dissolved organic matter
Suspended particulate matter
Particulate size spectra
Others tbd)
• Sea surface temperature & salinity
www.IMBER.info