Transcript Slide 1
Marine Ecosystems • Deep Sea – lower open ocean, abyssal zone • Little to no light, low O2 levels, very cold, high pressure, food scarcity • http://education.nationalgeographic.com/edu/popout_rc_player/?data="/edu/get_article_rc_xml/15757.xml?ar_a=1"&state="0|9|1|0|false|false|0.63510101010101|true|-1|false|false“ Deep Sea Ecosystem • Hydrothermal vent – hot springs on the ocean floor • Minerals dissolved in the spring water can support fish, shrimp, clams, and chemosynthetic bacteria Hydrothermal Vents • If hydrothermal vents were closer to the surface, mining copper, manganese, and even gold from them could be quite profitable, but they are far too deep in the ocean for this to be profitable. Deep Sea Ecosystems • Cold seeps – release methane slowly onto the ocean floor • Supports chemotrophic bacteria and archaea • Does not use the sun’s energy to support life Ocean Tides (answer on previous slide = D ) • Can deposit or wash away sand and sediment • High tides can bring in sea life and nutrients that nourish life Tide zones • Different animals live in intertidal zones based on how much water covers or enters that zone Waves • Waves can erode beaches and deposit sand • Angled waves can move sand along coast • Can deposit sand in estuaries Upwelling • When deeper colder water rises to shallower depths • Rising water is nutrient rich Ocean nutrient cycling • Phytoplankton participate in the carbon cycle • Gases and solid nutrients cycle through the ocean Currents • Carry warm water – 40% of global heat transport • Transport nutrients along coasts Aquatic Food Webs • Connected to and affected by terrestrial food webs • Examples? • Humans, birds Aquatic Food Webs • Begin with…? • Microbes – phyto and zoo –plankton • These are the most abundant life form in the ocean • Produce over half the earth’s O2 Aquatic Food Webs • Productivity is greatest in euphotic zone – why? • Primary Consumers – copepods, shrimp, Larval fish and jellyfish Marine Resources • They are finite and limited • Human use of resources has increased Marine Resources • What does the ocean provide us…? • Transportation, food, minerals (manganese, salt, sand),recreation, oil Marine Resources • The air we breathe • The food on your plate - algae and kelp are used in making peanut butter soymilk and frozen foods. • The items in your medicine cabinet shampoos, cosmetics, medicines • Jobs and the economy. One in six jobs in the United States is marine related