Transcript nonfiction
NONFICTION - IS BASED ON FACT - CAN BE VERIFIED FACT = TRUTH The act of putting it in writing CHANGES IT The author’s chosen words reveal -BELIEFS -PREJUDICES -BACKGROUND -PURPOSE An author’s PURPOSE determines his/her METHOD OF WRITING PURPOSE TYPE OF WRITING 1. Explain, inform, define, clarify EXPOSITION 2. Create a mood or appeal to senses DESCRIPTION 3. Relate a series of events NARRATION 4. Persuade to believe or do something PERSUASION A nonfiction writer may use a COMBINATION of any four of these methods. Type of Writing??? Judo throws require both precise timing and exact balance. At this level (yellow belt) there is always a slight possibility that the participants have insufficient agility or coordination. The air conditioner in the gym was broken, and the place was like a giant oven. Jim was sweating heavily after the last throw. Terry lunged for Jim, but his fingers slipped on Jim’s glistening skin. I just came out of the last throw and turned toward Terry, who was getting up to come at me from the left. I made a quarter turn and moved my left leg when he reached for my neck and his hand slipped. Jim is jealous of me and always has been. I got my yellow belt three meets ahead of him, and I’m the only one who has ever thrown him three out of four times. Holt TYPES OR FORMS: - ESSAYS - INFORMATIVE ARTICLES (REPORTS) - BIOGRAPHY & AUTOBIOGRAPHY These forms range from a very personal kind of writing to a very objective kind. SUBJECTIVE - Very personal FEELINGS and BIASES are revealed (Personal Essays & Autobiographies) OBJECTIVE - Conveys FACTS feelings are SCREENED OUT (Expository Essays, Informative Articles, & Autobiographies) ESSAY A relatively short piece of writing on a single subject. Some essays are FORMAL – tightly structured and written in an impersonal style. Others are INFORMAL – more loosely structured and written in a more personal, even conversational style. Authors often use the elements of literature in their essays to make them more real and/or interesting to readers. Essais means “tries” or “attempts” in French short and limited TYPES of ESSAYS • Expository - presents or explains information or ideas • Persuasive presents arguments and attempts to convince readers • Personal - expresses the writers thoughts and feelings, (personality) Strategies for Evaluating an Essay • Fact & Opinion: Facts – can be proved or disproved Opinions – are agreed or disagreed upon • Analyze: whether the writer’s intent is to express ideas and feelings, or to inform, entertain, or persuade. • Evaluate: the writer’s ideas and reasoning. Does he/she support opinions with facts? Do you agree with conclusions? • Clarify: your understanding by summarizing the main ideas as you read. INFORMATIVE ARTICLE or REPORT Provides FACTS about a specific subject. May use imagery, figurative language, and human interest to hook the reader’s interest. Should be ACCURATE (facts straight and clearly stated) and OBJECTIVE (fair – feelings do not get in the way of the truth. TYPES of INFORMATIVE ARTICLES - News Stories: objective, unbiased accounts of current events - Feature Articles: focus on interesting people, places, things, or events PROPAGANDA A report that DISTORTS the facts to MANIPULATE the reader. Strategies for Evaluating an Informative Article or Report • • • • Preview and skim the article. Consider background information Question and predict Read the article carefully focusing on key facts and ideas • Identify details that support the main idea • Reread any passages that seem unclear Biography A writer’s account of another person’s life. A biography requires study and research and must present facts accurately and objectively. Reputable biographers strive to create a balanced account of their subject’s life. Autobiography A writer’s account of his/her own life. An autobiography generally focuses on the writer’s personal experiences over a period of time. It is often based on memory and is subjective since it reveals the feelings and biases of the author. Strategies for Evaluating a Biography or Autobiography • Keep track of the people mentioned in the narrative (web diagram) • Be aware of cause-and-effect relationships • In biographies, question objectivity and in autobiographies, be aware of subjectivity and bias Type of Nonfiction??? McDougal Littell My ankles and the back of my hand are throbbing from the tubes bringing in the blood and I don’t care about boys praying for me. I can hear the swish of Sister Rita’s habit and the click of her rosary beads when she leaves the room. I fall asleep and when I wake it’s dark and Dad is sitting by the bed with his hand on mine. Type of Nonfiction??? McDougal Littell For Christmas, I begged for go-go boots. The rest of my life would be endurable if I had a pair of those white, calf-high confections with the little black heels….Never mind that those little black heels are like skate blades in inclement weather. I would walk on air. Type of Nonfiction??? McDougal Littell For the children of Northern Ireland, violence is embedded in the rituals of daily life. Early curfews are the norm, public places are commonly avoided and Catholics and Protestants rarely venture outside their own neighborhoods.