Causes and Actions of World War 1
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Transcript Causes and Actions of World War 1
Causes and Actions
of World War 1
Sparks of War
June 1914, Sarajevo, Bosnia –
Assassination of Archduke Francis
Ferdinand
Dominion effect of Alliances– Countries
come to the aid of one another. (Russia,
Britain, France assisted Serbia
&
Germany assisted
Austria-Hungary
United States continued the practice of
neutrality by exercising the Monroe
Doctrine
New type of War
Trench Warfare -- Strategy of defending a
position by fighting from deep, protected
ditches.
2 Major front systems formed in Europe
– Eastern Front -- Extended from the Black
Sea to the Baltic Sea
– Western Front -- Extended from
Switzerland to the North Sea
No Man’s Land – Area seated between the
trenches. Most of the fighting occurred here
With each side “dug in,” their trenches, a
stalemate occurred along the western front
Causes of American Involvement
1.
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
2. British propaganda
3. Zimmerman Telegraph
4. Russian Revolution
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
Germany
created new submarine
called the ”U-Boat”
May 7th, 1915-British passenger liner
the “Lusitania” sunk off the coast of
Ireland
Killed 128 Americans
The Sussex, an unarmed
passenger ship is sunk
America threatens to cut off
diplomatic relations
British Propaganda
The
British sent news of the war to
US newspapers everyday
Full of Propaganda
Led the American public to be
sympathetic toward the British
British Propaganda
(Use Attachment A)
Zimmerman Telegram
March
1917-British authorities gave
to the US a telegram that was
supposedly sent to Mexico from
Germany
It had been decoded by the British
It asked Mexico to declare war on
the US and they would be supported
by Germany
Russian Revolution
March
1917-Russia left WWI due to a
Revolution in their own country
Germany now would concentrate
totally on the Western Front
Pleas from Great Britain and France
to join the war effort
Declaration of War
April
2, 1917-Wilson asks Congress
to declare war on Germany
“The World must be made safe for
Democracy”
April 6th-Congress votes and declares
war
Mobilization
Europe needed
munitions and
supplies-immediate
action
Encouraged people
to eat less meat
and bread
Invented Daylight
Savings to
conserve fuel
Mobilization
Convinced
Americans to put
savings into
“Liberty Bonds”
Increased income
tax, business tax,
and excise tax
US Propaganda (Use
Attachment A)
Civil Liberties
Espionage
Act of 1917-imprisoned
for 20 year if caught inciting a riot or
obstructing the draft
Sedition Act of 1918-Prohibited from
making disloyal remarks
Minorities
Women-Entered
the workforce in
mass, took the jobs of soldiers
fighting in Europe
Mexicans-immigrating in mass to get
agricultural work in the southwest
African-Americans-400,000
volunteered for the armed services,
served in non-combat roles, and in
segregated units
Armistice
November
11, 1918 at 11am
“On the 11th day of the 11th month at
the 11th hour”
Memorialized-Veterans Day
Wilson’s Plan
Called
the 14 points
Points 1-5-Remove the Causes of
War
Points 6-13-Boundary Changes
Point 14-League of Nations
– Most valued-heart of peace plan
– Peace association-solve problems by
diplomatic means instead of war
Treaty of Versailles
January
1919-Paris (Officially Will
End the War)
Big Four
– Woodrow Wilson-US
– David Lloyd George-Great Britain
– Georges Clemenceau-France
– Vittorio Orlando-Italy
Wilson
Treaty of Versailles
Wilson
wanted this to be the “war to
end all wars”
Others wanted revenge
Wilson compromised on all of his 14
points except one
Treaty of Versailles
Provisions
1.
Germany was disarmed, stripped
of colonies, forced to admit guilt, pay
reparations (war debt) to England
and France
2. Many boundary changes
3. Established a League of Nations
Boundary Changes
Weakness of Treaty
Central
Powers not invited
Russia not invited-took land away
Germany blamed
Led to three wars
– WWII
– Cold War
– Vietnam War