Transcript Review Powerpoint

Who are muckrakers?
Muckrakers were journalists who
exposed the corruption found in
the cities during the Progressive
Era. Thomas Nast made political
cartoons of William “Boss” Tweed
showing his corrupt practices. Ida
Tarbell was a muckraker who
targeted big businesses. Lincoln
Steffens reported on the
corruption in city governments.
How did books and pictures
expose the problems found in
society around 1900?
Jacob Riis used pictures and
wrote the book How the Other
Half Lives to show rich people
what life was like in the
tenement slums. Upton
Sinclair wrote The Jungle which
graphically showed what life
was like in the meat packing
town of Chicago.
What is Teddy Roosevelt
known for?
He was the first conservation
President. He, along with Gifford
Pinchot and John Muir tried to stop
the destruction of the American
countryside. One of his goals was to
break up the trusts. He was fairly
successful and became known as the
trustbuster. He wanted everyone to
have a Square Deal or the equal
opportunity to be successful.
What was the women’s rights
movement?
This movements main goal was to get
suffrage, or the right to vote, for women. At
the Seneca Falls Convention, the Declaration
of Sentiments was passed. Susan B. Anthony
and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were staunch
advocates for women’s rights. Women
eventually got the right to vote with the 19th
Amendment in 1920. Many women also
joined the temperance movement to stop
the use of alcohol. They saw that alcohol
was destroying families. Carry Nation was a
prominent woman in this movement. The
18th Amendment (1919) made the sale of
alcohol illegal.
What do we need to know
about African American rights
around 1900?
The National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
was established to push for more rights for
blacks. Booker T. Washington pushed for
equality but said unfair treatment was o.k.
until blacks were educated and rich
enough to be equals. He founded Tuskegee
Institute, a college for black people. W.E.B.
Du Bois wanted equality quicker and
criticized Booker T. Washington. George
Washington Carver was a great scientist
who made many discoveries such as
peanut butter.
What was the Civil Service
Exam?
The Civil Service Exam is a test
so that the most qualified
people are able to get
government jobs. This was an
attempt to end the spoils
system which is when people
got government jobs because
somebody owed them a favor,
regardless of their
qualifications.
What is imperialism?
Imperialism is when a
strong country attempts to
influence the economic and
political affairs of a weaker
country.
What is economic
imperialism?
Economic imperialism is when the
United States got involved in another
country for economic reasons.
Examples include controlling a place
for its raw materials or as a place to
trade. This idea went along with
dollar diplomacy as presented by
Teddy Roosevelt, which called for the
U.S. to have its businesses go into a
country to try to gain influence there.
What were the reasons
given for U.S. expansion in
the age of imperialism?
Expansion allowed the U.S. to
increase trade. There was also the
desire to spread Christianity and
democracy. We had settled all of
the land that is now the U.S. so we
now had to gain land elsewhere.
There was also competition with
other countries. If we didn’t get
land then they would.
What was going on in
China in the late 1800’s?
China, once a powerful nation,
had failed to industrialize and
fell prey to more powerful
nations. Many European
countries and Japan established
spheres of influence, which
were areas where the country
had special trading privileges.
What about the United
States?
The U.S. didn’t have a sphere of
influence. As a way to get
involved in the Chinese trade it
proposed the Open Door
Policy. The Open Door Policy
allowed a country to trade in
the sphere of influence of
another country.
Did the United States get
involved in the problems of
Cuba in the late 1800’s?
How did we get permission
to build the Panama Canal?
The U.S. offered Colombia $10
million dollars plus $250,000 for
the right to build the canal. When
this was unsuccessful the U.S.
backed up a revolt by Panama and
got permission from Panama for
the same deal. This was the big
stick policy.
What was the Roosevelt
Corollary?
This built upon the Monroe
Doctrine(1823) which told
Europe to stay out of the
Western Hemisphere. The
Corollary said the U.S. could
intervene to preserve peace in
Latin America. (and protect
our business interests)
What was the Big Stick
policy.
This was based upon the
statement “Speak softly and
carry a big stick, and you will
go far.” What it meant was
that the U.S. would say what
was to happen in South
America and use force to back
up what we said if necessary.
What were the 4 underlying causes of
World War I?
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
What term means pride in your
country?
Nationalism.
What term means when a country
takes over a weaker country either
economically or politically?
Imperialism. European countries had
colonies throughout Asia and Africa
before World War I. There was
competition between countries to get
more colonies which led to tension.
What term refers to when a country
builds up its military?
Militarism. Remember the RISK
example. When one nation starts
building up its army then others rush
to do the same thing.
What is it called when a country has a
secret agreement to help another
country if the country gets in trouble?
Alliances.
What is propaganda?
Propaganda is when somebody
spreads ideas to hurt an opposing
cause or help a particular cause. The
Germans used propaganda to try and
get Allied soldiers to join the Central
Powers. The United States used
propaganda to get people on the
home front to support the war.
Examples include victory gardens and
Meatless Tuesdays.
Why were programs such as
-“Victory Gardens”
-“Wheatless Mondays”
-”Meatless Tuesdays”
heard in the United States during the
war?
There was a shortage of food in
Europe. Many farmers were serving in
the war. Much of the farmland had
been destroyed during the war so not
enough food was being produced.
What were the Fourteen Points?
Wilson’s plan for peace after the war.
The goal was to prevent international
problems from starting another war.
What was the League of Nations?
Wilson called for a general association
of nations whose goal was to protect
the independence of all nations. The
United States Congress did not pass
the Treaty of Versailles so the United
States did not join the League of
Nations.
What were the goals for the treaty of
Versailles, the treaty which ended the
war?
Wilson wanted to achieve peace.
Europe wanted to punish Germany fo
the war. They wanted Germany to
pay reparations. (Pay for the cost of
the war.) They wanted Germany to
admit that the war was their fault.
They wanted to eliminate Germany’s
military. Germany was not invited to
the peace treaty. The Europeans got
their way on most points.
What did Americans think of the
Treaty of Versailles?
They thought it was too harsh.
Because of this, Congress ejected the
treaty and never joined the League of
Nations that Wilson helped to create.
Describe Henry Ford’s automobile
business.
Henry Ford used the automated assembly line to
create the Model T. The automated assembly line
allowed Ford to build a car in 93 minutes. The price
of Model T’s dropped from $850 to $290 dollars.
The cars were black and boring but the average
person could afford one. The ripple effect of the car
industry was that 4 million people worked in jobs
related to the industry. Roads were paved,
restaurants and gas stations sprouted up and hotels
dotted the landscape. Cars allowed people to live in
the suburbs and work in the city.
What was happening to the stock market
in the 1920’s?
It was going up like crazy. People saw prices rising
and did whatever they could to take advantage of
the bull market (prices going up). They bought
stocks on margin which was when a person paid a
certain percentage of the stock and then borrowed
the money to buy the rest. If the price of the stock
went up people were able to get rich. This is what
was happening. People put all their savings into the
stock market. If the price of the stock went down,
the people who bought on margin would be in
serious trouble.
What was prohibition?
Prohibition was due to the 18th Amendment. This
made the making and buying of alcohol illegal.
People broke this law like crazy. Bootleggers made
or smuggled alcohol in from other countries.
Speakeasies, or illegal bars, sprang up everywhere.
Organized crime developed to control the illegal
trade in alcohol. Government officials and police
officers were bribed so that they wouldn’t raid
speakeasies. The “noble experiment” was a failure
and prohibition was repealed with the 21st
Amendment.
What did the 19th Amendment do?
It allowed women to vote.
What was the Harlem Renaissance?
Harlem, in New York City, was a center of African
American culture and pride. Jazz was huge here.
Langston Hughes wrote poems denouncing violence
toward African Americans. The Harlem Renaissance
was a rebirth in African culture.
What was the Sacco and Vanzetti trial?
Sacco and Vanzetti were immigrants and anarchists.
They were brought to trial for murder and robbery.
They were convicted and killed although it was more
likely that they were killed for being anarchists and
immigrants than for committing the crimes. The
judge trying the case was openly biased against
them.
What was the Scopes Trial?
John Scopes was a science teacher in Chicago. He
taught Darwin’s theory of evolution. This was
against the law. He was convicted. This trial
attracted the best legal minds (Williams Jennings
Bryant was the prosecuting attorney and Clarence
Darrow was the defense attorney) and also the
attention of the country.
What was the Ku Klux Klan?
The KKK was started after the Civil War to terrorize
African Americans. Hatred toward immigrants led
the group to gain strength in the 1920’s. Now
Catholics, Jews and immigrants as well as African
Americans were targeted. They used hangings and
other means to terrorize. The KKK was able to gain
political influence in many states.