Transcript Example - Images

Propaganda
-the systematic distribution of a given doctrine or
allegations reflecting its views and interests
(The dissemination of information aimed at influencing the
opinions or behaviors of people)
Considers Audience:
Singles
Business
Executives
Homemakers
Children
Teenagers
Women
Retirees
Men
HUMOR
• Used to attract and keep
attention, and help memory,
not really a manipulative
tactic
16 Propaganda
Techniques
Testimonial
-tells you to base your decision on
what someone else thinks, usually
someone who is famous or important
A famous person recommends a product; also political endorsements
Example: “In my last movie, I saved my family from terrorists
and I'm supporting this party because they will save you from
terrorists!”
Bandwagon
-says that most people feel one
way about an issue and urges the
others to go with the majority
Example: You see on t.v. that everyone is buying mustangs. It’s the
new thing, like a trend. So you "jump on the bandwagon" like
everyone else and go out and buy a mustang.
Glittering Generalities
-uses words that are patriotic,
attractive, or catchy, but they
don’t really say anything
Example: "Drinking this water is like sipping the 'crisp, luscious
ocean'" - it's not true, because it doesn't really mean anything, but
it will get people to buy it.
Name-Calling
-makes accusations, but doesn’t give
any facts to support the claims
Example: “My opponent is a flip-flop man who cannot make up his
mind. He changes mind with the breeze! How could anyone follow
such a weak-willed flip-flopper?”
Plain/Ordinary Folks
-tries to associate itself with simple values and
down to earth people. May link contrary idea with
people who think they are better than others
Visiting a church, the President dresses in a dark suit and blue shirt.
He walks slowly and with hands together in front of him. He talks
gravely with people. He sings with joy and prays with fervor. Later
that day, he has changed into denims and fleece top to take the dog
for a walk. Along the way, he meets another dog owner and
exchanges cheery pleasantries.
Scare Tactics
-describes possible negative effects with
strong and unsupported images that make
people act out of fear instead of reason
Example: Anti-drug TV commercial: “This is your brain. These
are drugs. This is your brain on drugs.”
Slippery Slope
-predicts a series of increasingly
unacceptable consequences
Example: "We have to stop the tuition increase! The next thing
you know, they'll be charging $40,000 a semester!"
Appeal to Science
-attempts to suggest that a fair
and scientific judgment would
conclude something that may or
may not be actually supported by
facts
Guilt by Association
-implies that if one person has done
something illegal or otherwise
incorrect, then the people who
associate with him or her have
probably committed similar
misbehaviors
Libard and Ferris are discussing who they are going to vote for as the next department chair in the
philosophy department. Libard is a radical feminist and she despises Wayne and Bill, who are two
sexist professors in the department.
Ferris: "So, who are you going to vote for?"
Libard: "Well, I was thinking about voting for Jane, since she is a woman and there has never been a
woman chair here. But, I think that Steve will do an excellent job. He has a lot of clout in the university
and he is a decent person."
Ferris: "You know, Wayne and Bill are supporting him. They really like the idea of having Steve as the
new chair. I never thought I'd see you and those two pigs on the same side."
Libard: "Well, maybe it is time that we have a woman as chair."
Half Truths or Omitted Details
-give some, but not all, of the facts
on an issue, in order to present
only the viewpoint that the person
wants to share
Innuendo
or Rumor
-suggests that negative
things are true without
defining or explaining them
Overgeneralizations
-broadly extends good or bad qualities
without documenting their accuracy
Example: A patriot pontificates: “In times of crisis, every American
supports his President.”
This statement is an overgeneralization because it assumes too much
to be proven possible. Until most Americans can be contacted and
surveyed, this statement cannot be proven valid. We can correct this
mistake by clarifying how many people profess to support the
President, and under what conditions they would not. Public support
could change day by day and topic by topic.
Post Hoc
-tells you because two things
happened one after the other, the
first caused the second.
Example: I had been doing pretty poorly this season. Then my
girlfriend gave me this neon laces for my spikes and I won my next
three races. Those laces must be good luck...if I keep on wearing
them I can't help but win!
False Dilemma
-only two choices are given when,
in fact, there are three
Senator Jill: "We'll have to cut education funding this year."
Senator Bill: "Why?"
Senator Jill: "Well, either we cut the social programs or we live
with a huge deficit and we can't live with the deficit."
Stereotyping
-uses commonly held images of
a group to make a point which
isn’t necessarily true
Snobbery
-tries to make
people think they
can be better than
others by acting or
thinking a certain
way